Matsui Yasuhiro, Oikawa Shoko, Sorimachi Kazuhiro, Imanishi Akira, Fujimura Takeshi
National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan.
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2017 Nov;61:355-371. doi: 10.4271/2017-22-0013.
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between truck-cyclist collision impact velocity and the serious-injury and fatality risks to cyclists, and to investigate the effects of road type and driving scenario on the frequency of cyclist fatalities due to collisions with vehicles. We used micro and macro truck-cyclist collision data from the Japanese Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) database. We classified vehicle type into five categories: heavy-duty trucks (gross vehicle weight [GVW] ≥11 × 10 kg [11 tons (t)], medium-duty trucks (5 × 10 kg [5 t] ≤ GVW < 11 × 10 kg [11 t]), light-duty trucks (GVW <5 × 10 kg [5 t]), box vans, and sedans. The fatality risk was ≤5% for light-duty trucks, box vans, and sedans at impact velocities ≤40 km/h and for medium-duty trucks at impact velocities ≤30 km/h. The fatality risk was 6% for heavy-duty trucks at impact velocities ≤10 km/h. Thus, the fatality risk appears strongly associated with vehicle class and impact velocity. The results revealed that a 10 km/h reduction in impact velocities could mitigate the severity of cyclist injuries at impact velocities ≥30 km/h for all five vehicle types. The frequency of cyclist fatalities at intersections with traffic signals involving heavy-duty trucks was significantly higher during daytime than that at nighttime. Fatalities involving vehicles making a left turn generally increased with vehicle weight. The frequency of cyclist fatalities involving vehicles making a left turn was the largest for heavy-duty trucks both during daytime (67.6%) and at nighttime (52.3%).
本研究旨在阐明卡车与自行车碰撞的撞击速度与自行车骑行者重伤及死亡风险之间的关系，并调查道路类型和驾驶场景对自行车骑行者与车辆碰撞导致死亡频率的影响。我们使用了来自日本交通事故研究与数据分析机构（ITARDA）数据库的微观和宏观卡车与自行车碰撞数据。我们将车辆类型分为五类：重型卡车（车辆总重[GVW]≥11×10³千克[11吨（t）]）、中型卡车（5×10³千克[5 t]≤GVW＜11×10³千克[11 t]）、轻型卡车（GVW＜5×10³千克[5 t]）、厢式货车和轿车。对于轻型卡车、厢式货车和轿车，撞击速度≤40公里/小时时死亡风险≤5%，对于中型卡车，撞击速度≤30公里/小时时死亡风险≤5%。对于重型卡车，撞击速度≤10公里/小时时死亡风险为6%。因此，死亡风险似乎与车辆类型和撞击速度密切相关。结果显示，对于所有五种车辆类型，撞击速度降低10公里/小时可减轻撞击速度≥30公里/小时时自行车骑行者受伤的严重程度。在有交通信号灯的十字路口，涉及重型卡车的自行车骑行者死亡频率在白天显著高于夜间。涉及左转弯车辆的死亡人数通常随车辆重量增加而增加。在白天（67.6%）和夜间（52.3%），涉及左转弯车辆的自行车骑行者死亡频率以重型卡车最高。
