Department Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Department Environment and New Reseources, SINTEF Ocean, 7465, Trondheim, Norway.
Biodegradation. 2018 Apr;29(2):141-157. doi: 10.1007/s10532-018-9819-z. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Oil biodegradation studies have mainly focused on microbial processes in dispersions, not specifically on the interfaces between the oil and the seawater in the dispersions. In this study, a hydrophobic adsorbent system, consisting of Fluortex fabrics, was used to investigate biodegradation of n-alkanes and microbial communities on oil-seawater interfaces in natural non-amended seawater. The study was performed over a temperature range from 0 to 20 °C, to determine how temperature affected biodegradation at the oil-seawater interfaces. Biodegradation of n-alkanes were influenced both by seawater temperature and chain-length. Biotransformation rates of n-alkanes decreased by reduced seawater temperature. Low rate coefficients at a seawater temperature of 0 °C were probably associated with changes in physical-chemical properties of alkanes. The primary bacterial colonization of the interfaces was predominated by the family Oceanospirillaceae at all temperatures, demonstrating the wide temperature range of these hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. The mesophilic genus Oleibacter was predominant at the seawater temperature of 20 °C, and the psychrophilic genus Oleispira at 5 and 0 °C. Upon completion of n-alkane biotransformation, other oil-degrading and heterotrophic bacteria became abundant, including Piscirickettsiaceae (Cycloclasticus), Colwelliaceae (Colwellia), Altermonadaceae (Altermonas), and Rhodobacteraceae. This is one of a few studies that describe the biodegradation of oil, and the microbial communities associated with the degradation, directly at the oil-seawater interfaces over a large temperature interval.
油的生物降解研究主要集中在分散体系中的微生物过程上，而不是专门针对分散体系中油和海水之间的界面。在这项研究中，使用由 Fluortex 织物组成的疏水性吸附剂系统来研究天然未添加海水中油-海水界面上 n-烷烃的生物降解和微生物群落。该研究在 0 至 20°C 的温度范围内进行，以确定温度如何影响油-海水界面的生物降解。n-烷烃的生物降解既受海水温度又受链长的影响。n-烷烃的生物转化速率随海水温度的降低而降低。在海水温度为 0°C 时，低的速率系数可能与烷烃物理化学性质的变化有关。界面的主要细菌定殖是海洋螺旋菌科在所有温度下都占优势，这表明这些烃类降解细菌的温度范围很广。适温属 Oleibacter 在海水温度为 20°C 时占优势，而嗜冷属 Oleispira 在 5°C 和 0°C 时占优势。在 n-烷烃生物转化完成后，其他石油降解和异养细菌变得丰富，包括 Piscirickettsiaceae（Cycloclasticus）、Colwelliaceae（Colwellia）、Altermonadaceae（Altermonas）和 Rhodobacteraceae。这是少数几篇直接在大温度间隔的油-海水界面上描述油的生物降解及其相关降解微生物群落的研究之一。
