Suárez Salazar Juan Carlos, Ngo Bieng Marie Ange, Melgarejo Luz Marina, Di Rienzo Julio A, Casanoves Fernando
Universidad de la Amazonia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Porvenir Calle 17 Diagonal 17 con Carrera 3F - Barrio Porvenir, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica vegetal, Bogotá, Colombia.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 5;13(2):e0191003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191003. eCollection 2018.
We present a typology of cacao agroforest systems in Colombian Amazonia. These systems had yet to be described in the literature, especially their potential in terms of biodiversity conservation. The systems studied are located in a post-conflict area, and a deforestation front in Colombian Amazonia. Cacao cropping systems are of key importance in Colombia: cacao plays a prime role in post conflict resolution, as cacao is a legal crop to replace illegal crops; cacao agroforests are expected to be a sustainable practice, promoting forest-friendly land use.
We worked in 50 x 2000 m2 agroforest plots, in Colombian Amazonia. A cluster analysis was used to build a typology based on 28 variables characterised in each plot, and related to diversity, composition, spatial structure and light availability for the cacao trees. We included variables related to light availability to evaluate the amount of transmitted radiation to the cacao trees in each type, and its suitability for cacao ecophysiological development.
We identified 4 types of cacao agroforests based on differences concerning tree species diversity and the impact of canopy spatial structure on light availability for the cacao trees in the understorey. We found 127 tree species in the dataset, with some exclusive species in each type. We also found that 3 out of the 4 types identified displayed an erosion of tree species diversity. This reduction in shade tree species may have been linked to the desire to reduce shade, but we also found that all the types described were compatible with good ecophysiological development of the cacao trees.
Cacao agroforest systems may actually be achieving biodiversity conservation goals in Colombian Amazonia. One challenging prospect will be to monitor and encourage the conservation of tree species diversity in cacao agroforest systems during the development of these cropping systems, as a form of forest-friendly management enhancing sustainable peace building in Colombia.
我们展示了哥伦比亚亚马逊地区可可农林系统的类型学。这些系统在文献中尚未得到描述，尤其是它们在生物多样性保护方面的潜力。所研究的系统位于哥伦比亚亚马逊地区的一个冲突后地区和森林砍伐前沿地带。可可种植系统在哥伦比亚至关重要：可可在冲突后解决中发挥着首要作用，因为可可作为合法作物可替代非法作物；可可农林有望成为一种可持续的做法，促进有利于森林的土地利用。
我们在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区50×2000平方米的农林地块开展工作。采用聚类分析，基于每个地块所表征的28个变量构建类型学，这些变量与可可树的多样性、组成、空间结构和光照可用性相关。我们纳入了与光照可用性相关的变量，以评估每种类型中传输到可可树的辐射量及其对可可树生态生理发育的适宜性。
基于树种多样性的差异以及林冠层空间结构对下层可可树光照可用性的影响，我们识别出4种可可农林类型。我们在数据集中发现了127种树种，每种类型都有一些独特的树种。我们还发现，所识别出 的4种类型中有3种显示出树种多样性的侵蚀。遮荫树种的减少可能与减少遮荫的愿望有关，但我们也发现所描述的所有类型都与可可树良好的生态生理发育相兼容。
可可农林系统实际上可能正在实现哥伦比亚亚马逊地区的生物多样性保护目标。一个具有挑战性的前景将是在这些种植系统的发展过程中监测并鼓励保护可可农林系统中的树种多样性，以此作为一种有利于森林的管理形式，加强哥伦比亚的可持续和平建设。
