Koch Felix-Sebastian, Sundqvist Anett, Herbert Jane, Tjus Tomas, Heimann Mikael
Infant and Child Lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden.
Infant and Child Lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden.
Infant Behav Dev. 2018 Feb;50:189-197. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Infants' early visual preferences for faces, and their observational learning abilities, are well-established in the literature. The current study examines how infants' attention changes as they become increasingly familiar with a person and the actions that person is demonstrating. The looking patterns of 12- (n = 61) and 16-month-old infants (n = 29) were tracked while they watched videos of an adult presenting novel actions with four different objects three times. A face-to-action ratio in visual attention was calculated for each repetition and summarized as a mean across all videos. The face-to-action ratio increased with each action repetition, indicating that there was an increase in attention to the face relative to the action each additional time the action was demonstrated. Infant's prior familiarity with the object used was related to face-to-action ratio in 12-month-olds and initial looking behavior was related to face-to-action ratio in the whole sample. Prior familiarity with the presenter, and infant gender and age, were not related to face-to-action ratio. This study has theoretical implications for face preference and action observations in dynamic contexts.
婴儿早期对面孔的视觉偏好及其观察学习能力在文献中已有充分记载。本研究考察了随着婴儿对一个人的熟悉程度不断增加以及对这个人所展示动作的熟悉程度不断增加，他们的注意力是如何变化的。在12个月大（n = 61）和16个月大（n = 29）的婴儿观看一名成年人对四个不同物体进行三次新动作展示的视频时，对他们的注视模式进行了跟踪。计算每次重复时视觉注意力中的面孔与动作比例，并将其总结为所有视频的平均值。面孔与动作比例随着每次动作重复而增加，这表明每次展示动作时，相对于动作，对面孔的注意力增加了。12个月大婴儿之前对所使用物体的熟悉程度与面孔与动作比例有关，整个样本的初始注视行为与面孔与动作比例有关。之前对展示者的熟悉程度、婴儿的性别和年龄与面孔与动作比例无关。本研究对动态情境中的面孔偏好和动作观察具有理论意义。
