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Δ-四氢大麻酚在青少年和成年期对大脑脂质组和转录组的影响不同。

Δ-Tetrahydrocannabinol changes the brain lipidome and transcriptome differentially in the adolescent and the adult.

机构信息

Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.

Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.

出版信息

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2018 May;1863(5):479-492. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.001. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Abstract

Exposing the adolescent brain to drugs of abuse is associated with increased risk for adult onset psychopathologies. Cannabis use peaks during adolescence, with largely unknown effects on the developing brain. Cannabis' major psychoactive component, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alters neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial signaling. Therefore, multiple cellular and signaling pathways are affected with a single dose of THC. The endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are members of an interconnected lipidome that includes an emerging class of AEA structural analogs, the lipoamines, additional 2-acyl glycerols, free fatty acids, and prostaglandins (PGs). Lipids in this lipidome share many biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, yet have diverse signaling properties. Here, we show that acute THC drives age-dependent changes in this lipidome across 8 regions of the female mouse brain. Interestingly, most changes are observed in the adult, with eCBs and related lipids predominately decreasing. Analysis of THC and metabolites reveals an unequal distribution across these brain areas; however, the highest levels of THC were measured in the hippocampus (HIPP) in all age groups. Transcriptomic analysis of the HIPP after acute THC showed that like the lipidome, the adult transcriptome demonstrated significantly more changes than the adolescent. Importantly, the regulation of 31 genes overlapped between the adolescent and the adult, suggesting a conserved transcriptomic response in the HIPP to THC exposure independent of age. Taken together these data illustrate that the first exposure to a single dose of THC has profound effects on signaling in the CNS.

摘要

使青少年的大脑接触滥用药物会增加成年后出现精神病理的风险。大麻在青少年时期的使用率达到峰值,对发育中的大脑有很大的未知影响。大麻的主要精神活性成分 Δ-四氢大麻酚(THC)改变神经元、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的信号传递。因此,单次给予 THC 就会影响多种细胞和信号通路。内源性大麻素(eCBs),N-花生四烯酰乙醇胺(AEA)和 2-花生四烯酰甘油(2-AG)是相互关联的脂质组的成员,其中包括一类新兴的 AEA 结构类似物,脂胺,其他 2-酰基甘油,游离脂肪酸和前列腺素(PGs)。该脂质组中的脂质共享许多生物合成和代谢途径,但具有不同的信号传递特性。在这里,我们表明,急性 THC 会导致雌性小鼠大脑的 8 个区域中的脂质组发生与年龄相关的变化。有趣的是,大多数变化发生在成年期,而 eCBs 和相关脂质主要减少。对 THC 和代谢物的分析表明,这些脑区之间的分布不均;但是,在所有年龄组中,THC 的含量最高的区域是海马体(HIPP)。急性 THC 后对 HIPP 的转录组分析表明,与脂质组一样,成年转录组显示出比青少年更多的变化。重要的是,在青少年和成年之间,有 31 个基因的调节存在重叠,这表明在 HIPP 中,THC 暴露的转录组反应具有保守性,而与年龄无关。总之,这些数据表明,首次接触单剂量的 THC 会对中枢神经系统的信号传递产生深远影响。

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