Lima da Cruz Rafael V, Leão Richardson N, Moulin Thiago C
Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute (ICe), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Mol Med. 2024 Dec 19;30(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01013-4.
In the mammalian brain, new neurons continue to be generated throughout life in a process known as adult neurogenesis. The role of adult-generated neurons has been broadly studied across laboratories, and mounting evidence suggests a strong link to the HPA axis and concomitant dysregulations in patients diagnosed with mood disorders. Psychedelic compounds, such as phenethylamines, tryptamines, cannabinoids, and a variety of ever-growing chemical categories, have emerged as therapeutic options for neuropsychiatric disorders, while numerous reports link their effects to increased adult neurogenesis. In this systematic review, we examine studies assessing neurogenesis or other neurogenesis-associated brain plasticity after psychedelic interventions and aim to provide a comprehensive picture of how this vast category of compounds regulates the generation of new neurons. We conducted a literature search on PubMed and Science Direct databases, considering all articles published until January 31, 2023, and selected articles containing both the words "neurogenesis" and "psychedelics". We analyzed experimental studies using either in vivo or in vitro models, employing classical or atypical psychedelics at all ontogenetic windows, as well as human studies referring to neurogenesis-associated plasticity. Our findings were divided into five main categories of psychedelics: CB1 agonists, NMDA antagonists, harmala alkaloids, tryptamines, and entactogens. We described the outcomes of neurogenesis assessments and investigated related results on the effects of psychedelics on brain plasticity and behavior within our sample. In summary, this review presents an extensive study into how different psychedelics may affect the birth of new neurons and other brain-related processes. Such knowledge may be valuable for future research on novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
在哺乳动物大脑中，新神经元在整个生命过程中持续生成，这一过程被称为成体神经发生。成体产生的神经元的作用已在多个实验室得到广泛研究，越来越多的证据表明其与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴以及被诊断患有情绪障碍的患者伴随的调节失调存在紧密联系。诸如苯乙胺、色胺、大麻素以及各种不断增加的化学类别等致幻化合物，已成为神经精神疾病的治疗选择，同时众多报告将它们的作用与成体神经发生增加联系起来。在本系统综述中，我们考察了评估致幻干预后神经发生或其他与神经发生相关的脑可塑性的研究，旨在全面了解这类广泛的化合物如何调节新神经元的生成。我们在PubMed和Science Direct数据库中进行了文献检索，考虑了截至2023年1月31日发表的所有文章，并选择了同时包含“神经发生”和“致幻剂”这两个词的文章。我们分析了使用体内或体外模型的实验研究，在所有个体发育阶段使用经典或非典型致幻剂，以及涉及与神经发生相关可塑性的人体研究。我们的研究结果分为致幻剂的五个主要类别：CB1激动剂、NMDA拮抗剂、哈尔满生物碱、色胺和触觉致幻剂。我们描述了神经发生评估的结果，并在我们的样本中研究了致幻剂对脑可塑性和行为影响的相关结果。总之，本综述对不同致幻剂如何影响新神经元的产生及其他与大脑相关的过程进行了广泛研究。这些知识可能对未来神经精神疾病新治疗策略的研究具有重要价值。
