Ann Glass Geltman Elizabeth, LeClair Nichole
1 CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY, USA.
New Solut. 2018 Aug;28(2):240-261. doi: 10.1177/1048291118755387. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Radioactive materials for the medical, technological, and industrial sectors have been effectively regulated in the United States since as early as 1962. The steady increase in the exploration and production of shale gas in recent years has led to concerns about exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in oil and gas waste streams. This study applied policy surveillance methods to conduct a cross-sectional fifty-state survey of law and regulations of NORM and TENORM waste from oil and gas operations. Results indicated that seventeen states drafted express regulations to reduce exposure to oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste. States with active oil and gas drilling that lack regulations controlling exposure to NORM and TENORM may leave the public and workers susceptible to adverse health effects from radiation. The study concludes with recommendations in regard to regulating oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste.
早在1962年起，美国就已对医疗、技术和工业领域的放射性材料进行了有效监管。近年来，页岩气勘探和生产的稳步增长引发了人们对油气废物流中天然存在的放射性物质（NORM）和技术强化的天然存在的放射性物质（TENORM）暴露问题的担忧。本研究应用政策监测方法，对五十个州的油气作业中NORM和TENORM废物的法律法规进行了横断面调查。结果表明，有十七个州起草了明确的法规，以减少对油气NORM和TENORM废物的暴露。积极进行油气钻探但缺乏控制NORM和TENORM暴露法规的州，可能会使公众和工人容易受到辐射对健康的不利影响。该研究最后就监管油气NORM和TENORM废物提出了建议。
