Saar Virpi, Levänen Sari, Komulainen Erkki
Phoniatric Outpatient Clinic, Eye and Ear Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland.
University of Helsinki, Finland.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 Feb 15;61(2):386-397. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0365.
The aim of this study was to compare the verbal and nonverbal cognitive profiles of children with specific language impairment (SLI) with problems predominantly in expressive (SLI-E) or receptive (SLI-R) language skills. These diagnostic subgroups have not been compared before in psychological studies.
Participants were preschool-age Finnish-speaking children with SLI diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team. Cognitive profile differences between the diagnostic subgroups and the relationship between verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills were evaluated.
Performance was worse for the SLI-R subgroup than for the SLI-E subgroup not only in verbal reasoning and short-term memory but also in nonverbal reasoning, and several nonverbal subtests correlated significantly with the composite verbal index. However, weaknesses and strengths in the cognitive profiles of the subgroups were parallel.
Poor verbal comprehension and reasoning skills seem to be associated with lower nonverbal performance in children with SLI. Performance index (Performance Intelligence Quotient) may not always represent the intact nonverbal capacity assumed in SLI diagnostics, and a broader assessment is recommended when a child fails any of the compulsory Performance Intelligence Quotient subtests. Differences between the SLI subgroups appear quantitative rather than qualitative, in line with the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM V) classification (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
本研究旨在比较主要在表达性语言技能（SLI-E）或接受性语言技能（SLI-R）方面存在问题的特定语言障碍（SLI）儿童的言语和非言语认知特征。在心理学研究中，此前尚未对这些诊断亚组进行过比较。
参与者为经多学科团队诊断为SLI的学龄前芬兰语儿童。评估了诊断亚组之间的认知特征差异以及言语和非言语推理技能之间的关系。
SLI-R亚组不仅在言语推理和短期记忆方面，而且在非言语推理方面的表现均比SLI-E亚组差，并且几个非言语子测验与综合言语指数显著相关。然而，亚组认知特征的弱点和优势是平行的。
SLI儿童的言语理解和推理能力差似乎与较低的非言语表现有关。表现指数（操作智商）可能并不总是代表SLI诊断中假定的完整非言语能力，当儿童在任何一项强制性操作智商子测验中不及格时，建议进行更广泛的评估。SLI亚组之间的差异似乎是数量上的而非质量上的，这与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-V）分类一致（美国精神病学协会，2013年）。
