Ogawa Tetsuya, Obata Hiroki, Yokoyama Hikaru, Kawashima Noritaka, Nakazawa Kimitaka
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
Exp Brain Res. 2018 Apr;236(4):1019-1029. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5195-5. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Animal studies demonstrate that the neural mechanisms underlying locomotion are specific to the modes and/or speeds of locomotion. In line with animal results, human locomotor adaptation studies, particularly those focusing on walking, have revealed limited transfers of adaptation among movement contexts including different locomotion speeds. Running is another common gait that humans utilize in their daily lives and is distinct from walking in terms of the underlying neural mechanisms. The present study employed an adaptation paradigm on a split-belt treadmill to examine the possible independence of neural mechanisms mediating different running speeds. The adaptations learned with split-belt running resulted in aftereffects with magnitudes that varied in a speed-dependent matter. In the two components of the ground reaction force investigated, the anterior braking and posterior propulsive components exhibited different trends. The anterior braking component tended to show larger aftereffect under speeds near the slower side speed of the previously experienced split-belt in contrast to the posterior propulsive component in which the aftereffect size tended to be the largest at a speed that corresponded to the faster side speed of the split-belt. These results show that the neural mechanisms underlying different running speeds in humans may be independent, just as in human walking and animal studies.
动物研究表明，运动背后的神经机制因运动模式和/或速度而异。与动物研究结果一致，人类运动适应性研究，尤其是那些专注于行走的研究，揭示了在包括不同运动速度在内的运动情境之间，适应性的转移有限。跑步是人类在日常生活中使用的另一种常见步态，其潜在的神经机制与行走不同。本研究采用分带跑步机上的适应范式，以检验介导不同跑步速度的神经机制的可能独立性。通过分带跑步学到的适应性导致了后效应，其大小随速度而变化。在所研究的地面反作用力的两个分量中，前制动分量和后推进分量呈现出不同的趋势。与后推进分量相比，前制动分量在接近先前经历的分带较慢侧速度的速度下往往表现出更大的后效应，而后推进分量的后效应大小在与分带较快侧速度相对应的速度下往往最大。这些结果表明，人类不同跑步速度背后的神经机制可能是独立的，就像在人类行走和动物研究中一样。
