Cioffi G A, Holderman R D, Sazima H J
Dent Clin North Am. 1986 Jul;30(3):573-81.
The surgical management of a patient begins at the moment of presentation for treatment and does not end until the problem is resolved and health restored. Alternatively, referral may be good management in some cases. Any procedure accomplished along the way is but one event in the course of overall surgical management. A regard for the basic requirements and principles of good surgery integrated with a careful consideration of the treatment planning and prognostic indicators for the removal of teeth completes a sequential evaluation of the total patient, his pathosis and his ability to tolerate and respond to the treatment. Guiding principles, careful procedures and continued postoperative concern form a triad of good practice.
患者的外科治疗管理始于接受治疗之时，直至问题解决、健康恢复才结束。或者，在某些情况下转诊可能是较好的处理方式。在此过程中完成的任何操作都只是整体外科治疗管理过程中的一个环节。重视良好手术的基本要求和原则，并仔细考虑拔牙的治疗计划和预后指标，完成对患者整体、其病变情况以及耐受和应对治疗能力的连续评估。指导原则、谨慎操作以及术后持续关注构成了良好实践的三个要素。
