AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland.
Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Apr 15;195:199-209. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.061. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Recent studies highlight that obesity may alter the electric activity in brain areas triggering appetite and craving. Transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) has recently emerged as a safe alternative for treating food addiction via modulating cortical excitability without any high-risk surgical procedure to be utilized. As for anodal-type tDCS (atDCS), we observe increased excitability and spontaneous firing of the cortical neurons, whilst for the cathodal-type tDCS (ctDCS) a significant decrease is induced. Unfortunately, for the method to be fully used in a clinical setting, its biochemical action mechanism must be precisely defined, although it is proposed that molecular remodelling processes play in concert with brain activity changes involving the ions of: Na, Cl, K and Ca. Herein, we proposed for the first time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) microprobes for a combined molecular and elemental analysis in the brain areas implicated appetite control, upon experimental treatment by either atDCS or ctDCS. The study, although preliminary, shows that by stimulating the prefrontal cortex in the rats fed high-caloric nutrients, the feeding behavior can be significantly changed, resulting in significantly inhibited appetite. Both, atDCS and ctDCS produced significant molecular changes involving qualitative and structural properties of lipids, whereas atDCS was found with a somewhat more significant effect on protein secondary structure in all the brain areas investigated. Also, tDCS was reported to reduce surface masses of Na, Cl, K, and Ca in almost all brain areas investigated, although the atDCS deemed to have a stronger neuro-modulating effect. Taken together, one can report that tDCS is an effective treatment technique, and its action mechanism in the appetite control seems to involve a variety of lipid-, protein- and metal/non-metal-ion-driven biochemical changes, regardless the current polarization.
最近的研究强调，肥胖可能会改变触发食欲和渴望的大脑区域的电活动。经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）最近作为一种安全的替代方法出现，通过调节皮质兴奋性来治疗食物成瘾，而无需进行任何高风险的手术。对于阳极型 tDCS（atDCS），我们观察到皮质神经元的兴奋性和自发放电增加，而对于阴极型 tDCS（ctDCS），则会诱导显著的抑制。不幸的是，为了使该方法在临床环境中得到充分应用，必须精确定义其生化作用机制，尽管有人提出分子重塑过程与涉及离子的脑活动变化协同作用：Na、Cl、K 和 Ca。在此，我们首次提出傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和同步辐射 X 射线荧光（SRXRF）微探针，用于对参与食欲控制的大脑区域进行分子和元素的联合分析，实验中分别对 atDCS 和 ctDCS 进行了处理。虽然这项研究是初步的，但它表明，通过刺激喂食高热量营养物质的大鼠的前额叶皮质，可以显著改变其进食行为，从而显著抑制食欲。atDCS 和 ctDCS 都产生了显著的分子变化，涉及脂质的定性和结构特性，而 atDCS 对所有研究的大脑区域的蛋白质二级结构也具有更为显著的影响。此外，tDCS 被报道可以减少几乎所有研究的大脑区域中 Na、Cl、K 和 Ca 的表面质量，尽管 atDCS 似乎具有更强的神经调节作用。总的来说，可以报告 tDCS 是一种有效的治疗技术，其在控制食欲方面的作用机制似乎涉及多种脂质、蛋白质和金属/非金属离子驱动的生化变化，而与当前的极化无关。
