Iwaszko Józef, Zawada Anna, Przerada Iwona, Lubas Małgorzata
Czestochowa University of Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, 19 Armii Krajowej St., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Czestochowa University of Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, 19 Armii Krajowej St., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Apr 15;195:95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.053. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The main goal of the work was to evaluate the vitrification process of asbestos-cement waste (ACW). A mixture of 50 wt% ACW and 50 wt% glass cullet was melted in an electric furnace at 1400 °C for 90 min and then cast into a steel mold. The vitrified product was subjected to annealing. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the effects of the vitrification. The chemical constitution of the material before and after the vitrification process was also analyzed. It was found that the vitrified product has an amorphous structure in which the components of asbestos-cement waste are incorporated. MIR spectroscopy showed that the absorption bands of chrysotile completely disappeared after the vitrification process. The results of the spectroscopic studies were confirmed by X-ray studies - no diffraction reflections from the chrysotile crystallographic planes were observed. As a result of the treatment, the fibrous asbestos construction, the main cause of its pathogenic properties, completely disappeared. The vitrified material was characterized by higher resistance to ion leaching in an aquatic environment than ACW and a smaller volume of nearly 72% in relation to the apparent volume of the substrates. The research has confirmed the high effectiveness of vitrification in neutralizing hazardous waste containing asbestos and the FT-IR spectroscopy was found to be useful to identify asbestos varieties and visualizing changes caused by the vitrification process. The work also presents the current situation regarding the utilization of asbestos-containing products.
这项工作的主要目标是评估石棉水泥废料（ACW）的玻璃化过程。将50 wt%的ACW和50 wt%的碎玻璃混合在1400°C的电炉中熔化90分钟，然后浇铸到钢模具中。对玻璃化产物进行退火处理。使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）来评估玻璃化的效果。还分析了玻璃化过程前后材料的化学成分。结果发现，玻璃化产物具有非晶结构，其中包含石棉水泥废料的成分。中红外光谱表明，温石棉的吸收带在玻璃化过程后完全消失。光谱研究结果得到了X射线研究的证实——未观察到温石棉晶面的衍射反射。经过处理，作为其致病特性主要原因的纤维状石棉结构完全消失。玻璃化材料在水环境中比ACW具有更高的抗离子浸出性，并且相对于底物的表观体积，其体积减小了近72%。该研究证实了玻璃化在中和含石棉危险废物方面的高效性，并且发现FT-IR光谱可用于识别石棉品种并观察玻璃化过程引起的变化。这项工作还介绍了含石棉产品利用的现状。
