de Rezende Marcos Paulo Gonçalves, de Souza Julio Cesar, Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza, Bozzi Riccardo, Jardim Rodrigo Jose Delgado, Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes
State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paranaíba, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Jun;50(5):1033-1040. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1527-5. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
Evaluating phenotypic diversity makes it possible to identify discrepancies in aptitudes among animals of different genetic bases, which is an indicator of adaptive or selective differences between populations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphofunctional diversity of 452 male and female adult equines (Arabian, Quarter Mile, Pantaneiro, and Criollo breeds, and undefined crossbreeds of horses and mules) raised in the Pantanal biome (Brazil). Linear measurements were performed to estimate conformation indexes. Initially, a discriminant analysis was performed, regardless of the animal's size, followed by factor analysis. The factors were characterized and used as new variables. The diversity among equines and their relationship with the factors were evaluated using multivariate analysis. The factors were classified according to their decreasing importance: balance, rusticity, and robustness for the measurement factors; and load, ability, conformation, and equilibrium for the index factors. The genetic groups of equines have well-defined morphofunctional characteristics. The main differences are based on the rusticity and ability typologies in relation to those based on performance. Equines introduced to the Pantanal biome presented a more robust and compact body with good conformation. As a result, these horses may have superior athletic performance during equestrian activities when compared to the Pantaneiro local breed. However, this biotype may represent less rusticity (less adaptive capacity). Therefore, the regional breed can be equal or better in equestrian activities than breeds introduced to the Pantanal biome. Thus, breeders may cross horses from local breeds as an alternative to those introduced. Undefined crossbred male equines presented a different profile from the Pantaneiro breed, which may indicate little use of crossbreeds in breeding.
评估表型多样性有助于识别不同遗传基础动物在能力方面的差异，这是种群间适应性或选择性差异的一个指标。本研究的目的是评估在巴西潘塔纳尔生物群落中饲养的452匹成年马（阿拉伯马、四分之一英里马、潘塔内罗马、克里奥罗马以及未定义的马和骡杂交品种）的形态功能多样性。进行线性测量以估计体型指数。首先，不考虑动物大小进行判别分析，然后进行因子分析。对因子进行特征描述并用作新变量。使用多变量分析评估马匹之间的多样性及其与因子的关系。根据重要性递减对因子进行分类：测量因子方面为平衡、质朴和健壮；指数因子方面为负载、能力、体型和平衡。马匹的遗传群体具有明确的形态功能特征。主要差异基于与表现相关的质朴和能力类型。引入潘塔纳尔生物群落的马匹体型更健壮紧凑，体型良好。因此，与潘塔内罗本地品种相比，这些马在马术活动中可能具有更优的运动表现。然而，这种生物类型可能表现出较低的质朴性（较低的适应能力）。因此，在马术活动中，本地品种可能与引入潘塔纳尔生物群落的品种相当或更优。因此，育种者可以选择让本地品种的马杂交，作为引入品种的替代方案。未定义的杂交雄性马呈现出与潘塔内罗品种不同的特征，这可能表明杂交品种在育种中使用较少。
