Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Semin Immunopathol. 2018 May;40(3):237-247. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0669-2. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Neurogenic inflammation results from the release of biologically active agents from the peripheral primary afferent terminal. This release reflects the presence of releasable pools of active product and depolarization-exocytotic coupling mechanisms in the distal afferent terminal and serves to alter the physiologic function of innervated organ systems ranging from the skin and meninges to muscle, bone, and viscera. Aside from direct stimulation, this biologically important release from the peripheral afferent terminal can be initiated by antidromic activity arising from five anatomically distinct points of origin: (i) afferent collaterals at the peripheral-target organ level, (ii) afferent collaterals arising proximal to the target organ, (iii) from mid-axon where afferents lacking myelin sheaths (C fibers and others following demyelinating injuries) may display crosstalk and respond to local irritation, (iv) the dorsal root ganglion itself, and (v) the central terminals of the afferent in the dorsal horn where local circuits and bulbospinal projections can initiate the so-called dorsal root reflexes, i.e., antidromic traffic in the sensory afferent.
神经源性炎症是由于外周初级传入末梢释放具有生物活性的物质引起的。这种释放反映了在远端传入末梢存在可释放的活性产物池和去极化-胞吐偶联机制，用于改变从皮肤和脑膜到肌肉、骨骼和内脏等受神经支配的器官系统的生理功能。除了直接刺激外，这种来自外周传入末梢的生物学上重要的释放也可以由起源于五个解剖学上不同的起源点的逆行活动引发：（i）在周围靶器官水平的传入侧支，（ii）起源于靶器官近端的传入侧支，（iii）在轴中部，缺乏髓鞘的传入纤维（C 纤维和其他脱髓鞘损伤后的纤维）可能会发生串扰，并对局部刺激作出反应，（iv）背根神经节本身，以及（v）背角中传入纤维的中枢末端，局部回路和脊髓投射可以引发所谓的背根反射，即感觉传入的逆行交通。
