Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
School of Nursing, Department of Medical Sciences, Udine University, Udine, Italy.
J Adv Nurs. 2018 Jun;74(6):1245-1263. doi: 10.1111/jan.13538. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
The aim of this study was to describe and summarize workplace characteristics of three nursing generations: Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y.
Generational differences affect occupational well-being, nurses' performance, patient outcomes and safety; therefore, nurse managers, administrators and educators are interested increasingly in making evidence-based decisions about the multigenerational nursing workforce.
Mixed-method systematic review.
Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus (January 1991-January 2017).
(1) The Joanna Briggs Institute's method for conducting mixed-method systematic reviews; (2) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and (3) the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines. The studies' methodological quality was assessed with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative and mixed-method studies were transformed into qualitative methods using a convergent qualitative synthesis and qualitative findings were combined with a narrative synthesis.
Thirty-three studies were included with three main themes and 11 subthemes: (1) Job attitudes (work engagement; turnover intentions, reasons for leaving; reasons, incentives/disincentives to continue nursing); (2) Emotion-related job aspects (stress/resilience; well-being/job satisfaction; affective commitment; unit climate; work ethic) and (3) Practice and leadership-related aspects (autonomy; perceived competence; leadership relationships and perceptions). Baby Boomers reported lower levels of stress and burnout than did Generations X and Y, different work engagement, factors affecting workplace well-being and retention and greater intention to leave compared with Generation Y, which was less resilient, but more cohesive.
Although several studies reported methodological limitations and conflicting findings, generational differences in nurses' job attitudes, emotional, practice and leadership factors should be considered to enhance workplace quality.
本研究旨在描述和总结三代护士的工作场所特征：婴儿潮一代、X 一代和 Y 一代。
代际差异会影响职业幸福感、护士绩效、患者结局和安全；因此，护士管理者、行政人员和教育工作者越来越有兴趣根据多世代护理劳动力做出基于证据的决策。
混合方法系统评价。
Medline、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Scopus（1991 年 1 月至 2017 年 1 月）。
（1）乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）进行混合方法系统评价的方法；（2）系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses）和（3）增强定性研究综合报告透明度指南（Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines）。研究的方法学质量采用混合方法评价工具进行评估。使用收敛定性综合法将定量和混合方法研究转化为定性方法，将定性结果与叙事综合法相结合。
共纳入 33 项研究，有三个主要主题和 11 个子主题：（1）工作态度（工作投入；离职意向、离职原因；继续护理的原因、激励/抑制因素）；（2）与情绪相关的工作方面（压力/适应力；幸福感/工作满意度；情感承诺；单位氛围；职业道德）和（3）与实践和领导相关的方面（自主性；感知能力；领导关系和认知）。婴儿潮一代报告的压力和倦怠水平低于 X 一代和 Y 一代，工作投入程度不同，影响工作场所幸福感和保留率的因素以及与 Y 一代相比离职意向更高，而 Y 一代的适应力较低，但凝聚力更强。
尽管有几项研究报告了方法学上的局限性和相互矛盾的发现，但应考虑护士工作态度、情绪、实践和领导因素方面的代际差异，以提高工作场所质量。
