Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, Padova 35131, Italy.
Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
Phytomedicine. 2018 Jan 1;38:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
Green coffee bean extract is used as herbal medicine or supplement for weight reduction and obesity. The active constituents are considered caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) derivatives. The mode of action of CGA is still unclear and can be related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and liver X receptor Rα (LXR-α). Metabolomics may be an innovative tool for the description and discovery of the multiple target nature of such phytocomplex.
24 h urine samples were collected once a week from ten healthy adult volunteers consuming daily 400 mg of dry Green coffee bean extract (GCBE, 4.9% of chlorogenic acid) each day for 30 days (5 harvesting days, considering also the first day of supplementation). Urine samples were analyzed by LC-QTOF using both untargeted and targeted approaches. The latter was used to monitor two urinary markers of oxidative stress (allantoin, 8-OHdG).
Metabolomics analysis (PLS-DA) revealed changes in urine composition before and during the treatment with GCBE. Markers related to treatment were metabolites related to polyphenol administration as hippuric acid, benzoic acid derivatives, dihydroferulic and dihydrosinapic acid sulphate, but also carnitine derivatives and dicarboxylic acids. On the other hand, no changes in the levels of allantoin and 8-OHdG were observed.
This preliminary study showed the possible usefulness of metabolomics approach in the evaluation of GCBE consumption in healthy subjects. The observed changes in urinary composition can be related to the catabolism of GCBE constituents and to induced fatty acid metabolism, mainly related to carnitine derivatives. This latter result could be considered, at least in part, as a further proof of the mode of action of green coffee extract.
绿咖啡豆提取物被用作草药或补充剂来减肥和肥胖。其有效成分被认为是咖啡因和绿原酸（CGA）衍生物。CGA 的作用机制尚不清楚，可能与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPAR-α）和肝 X 受体 Rα（LXR-α）有关。代谢组学可能是描述和发现此类植物复合物多靶向性质的创新工具。
从 10 名健康成年志愿者中收集每周 24 小时尿液样本，这些志愿者每天摄入 400mg 干绿咖啡豆提取物（GCBE，含 4.9%绿原酸），持续 30 天（考虑到补充的第一天，共 5 个收获日）。使用 LC-QTOF 对尿液样本进行分析，采用非靶向和靶向方法。后者用于监测两种尿液氧化应激标志物（尿囊素、8-OHdG）。
代谢组学分析（PLS-DA）显示 GCBE 治疗前后尿液成分发生变化。与治疗相关的标志物是与多酚给药相关的代谢物，如马尿酸、苯甲酸衍生物、二氢阿魏酸和二氢丁香酸硫酸盐，还有肉碱衍生物和二羧酸。另一方面，尿囊素和 8-OHdG 的水平没有变化。
这项初步研究表明，代谢组学方法在评估健康受试者 GCBE 消费方面可能有用。尿液成分的观察到的变化可能与 GCBE 成分的分解代谢以及诱导的脂肪酸代谢有关，主要与肉碱衍生物有关。后一结果至少可以部分被认为是绿咖啡提取物作用机制的进一步证明。
