College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Feb 9;190(3):128. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6504-y.
The present study was conducted to investigate the pollutant load in surface water of the Sattukatla drain in Lahore, Pakistan. This drain is receiving high volumes of pollutants from industries and municipal sewage. To study the pollution status of this urban drain, different parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, BOD, NO, PO, COD, K, Mg, Ca, Ni, Fe, Co, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were analyzed. These 17 parameters were monitored along the longitudinal gradient of drain consisting of 15 key sampling sites. The studied parameters were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and factor analysis (FA). The HCA divided 15 sampling sites into three zones, i.e., low pollution, medium pollution, and high pollution. The PCA identified three major contributors, industrial followed by municipal sewage and agricultural sources. The trend of heavy metal levels was observed as Cu > Zn > Fe > Pb > Co > Ni > Cd. The results indicate levels of pollutants above the permissible limits described by NEQS, Pakistan for wastewater. There is an urgent need to address the issue and install treatment plants to reduce the pollution load on this urban drain in Lahore city.
本研究旨在调查巴基斯坦拉合尔的萨图卡特拉排水沟的地表水污染物负荷。这条排水沟接收来自工业和城市污水的大量污染物。为了研究这条城市排水沟的污染状况，对 pH 值、电导率、总溶解固体、生化需氧量、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、化学需氧量、钾、镁、钙、镍、铁、钴、铅、铜、镉和锌等 17 个参数进行了分析。在这条排水沟的纵向梯度上，共设置了 15 个关键采样点，对这 17 个参数进行了监测。对研究参数进行了层次聚类分析（HCA）和因子分析（FA）。HCA 将 15 个采样点分为低污染区、中污染区和高污染区三个区域。PCA 确定了三个主要贡献者，分别是工业、城市污水和农业来源。重金属水平的趋势为 Cu > Zn > Fe > Pb > Co > Ni > Cd。结果表明，污染物水平超过了巴基斯坦国家环境质量标准（NEQS）规定的废水允许限值。急需解决这个问题，并安装处理厂，以减少拉合尔市这条城市排水沟的污染负荷。
