Texas Tech University, Department of Psychological Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States.
University at Buffalo, Department of Psychology, Buffalo, NY, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Apr 1;185:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.037. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
Previous research indicates that social anxiety (SA) is a risk factor for the maintenance and relapse of smoking behaviors. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study tested the effects of state and trait levels of SA as well as smoking to cope with symptoms of SA on craving during a social stressor task in abstinent conditions.
Participants (n = 60) were daily smokers, aged 18-30. Participants attended two sessions: a baseline session and a second session, wherein they engaged in a social stressor task while deprived from nicotine for 24 h. Subjective ratings of cigarette craving and state levels of SA were assessed six times throughout the task. Data were analyzed via multilevel modeling.
Both trait SA and some forms of smoking to cope with symptoms of SA were more likely to predict increased craving during times of high, relative to low, social stress. Further, individuals with higher state SA, greater smoking to cope behaviors, and those who experience greater relief of social distress by smoking experienced greater craving throughout the task. These effects remained after controlling for nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depression, and other symptoms of anxiety and stress. Smoking to cope with symptoms of SA did not moderate the relationship between state SA and craving.
Smokers high in SA (state and trait) and smoking to cope with symptoms of SA may be at risk for continued smoking and relapse because of the intensity of cravings they experience during stressful social situations.
先前的研究表明，社交焦虑（SA）是维持和复发吸烟行为的一个风险因素。然而，人们对这种关系的机制知之甚少。本研究测试了状态和特质水平的 SA 以及吸烟来应对 SA 症状对在戒断条件下的社交应激任务期间的渴求的影响。
参与者（n=60）为每日吸烟者，年龄在 18-30 岁之间。参与者参加了两个会议：基线会议和第二次会议，在 24 小时内没有尼古丁的情况下，他们参与了一个社交应激任务。在整个任务过程中，六次评估了对香烟渴求的主观评价和状态水平的 SA。通过多层次建模分析数据。
特质 SA 和一些应对 SA 症状的吸烟方式都更有可能预测在高社交压力时，相对低社交压力时，渴求增加。此外，状态 SA 较高、吸烟应对行为较多、通过吸烟缓解社交压力较大的个体，在整个任务过程中渴求感更强。在控制了尼古丁依赖、戒断症状、抑郁和其他焦虑和压力症状后，这些影响仍然存在。吸烟应对 SA 症状并没有调节状态 SA 和渴求之间的关系。
SA（状态和特质）高的吸烟者和吸烟应对 SA 症状的吸烟者可能会因为在紧张的社交情境中体验到强烈的渴求感而继续吸烟和复发。
