Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Chemosphere. 2018 May;199:44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.173. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
While numerous studies have demonstrated the environmental behavior of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), information regarding sorption and bioaccumulation potential of other widely used organic chemicals such as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) is limited. This study involved a comprehensive field investigation of multi-class hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in environmental media and fish in Singapore Strait, an important tropical maritime strait in Southeast Asia. In total, 90 HOCs were analyzed, including HFRs, synthetic musks, PCBs, OCPs, as well as triclosan and methyl triclosan. The results show that the organic carbon normalized sediment-seawater distribution ratios (C/C) of the studied compounds are comparable to the organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K), over a log K range of approximately 4-11. The observed species-specific bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs), organism-environment media fugacity ratios (f/f and f/f) and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) indicate that legacy POPs and PBDE 47 show bioaccumulation behavior in this tropical marine ecosystem, while triclosan, tonalide, dodecachlorodimethanodibenzocyclooctane stereoisomers (DDC-COs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) do not. Methyl triclosan and galaxolide exhibit moderate biomagnification. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were detected in environmental media but not in any of the organisms, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of these flame retardants. The apparently low bioaccumulation potential of the studied HFRs and synthetic musks is likely because of metabolic transformation and/or reduced bioavailability due to the hydrophobic nature of these compounds.
虽然有大量研究表明了多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）等传统持久性有机污染物（POPs）的环境行为，但有关其他广泛使用的有机化学品（如卤代阻燃剂（HFRs））的吸附和生物累积潜力的信息却很有限。本研究对新加坡海峡环境介质和鱼类中的多类疏水性有机污染物（HOCs）进行了全面的现场调查。新加坡海峡是东南亚重要的热带海峡。共分析了 90 种 HOCs，包括 HFRs、合成麝香、PCBs、OCPs 以及三氯生和甲基三氯生。结果表明，在所研究化合物的有机碳归一化沉积物-海水分配比（C/C）与有机碳-水分配系数（K）相当，在大约 4-11 的 log K 范围内。观察到的特定物种的生物积累因子（BAFs）、生物-沉积物积累因子（BSAFs）、生物-环境介质逸度比（f/f 和 f/f）和营养级放大因子（TMFs）表明，传统 POPs 和 PBDE 47 在这个热带海洋生态系统中表现出生物累积行为，而三氯生、酞酸二甲酯、十二氯二甲基二苯并对二恶烷对映异构体（DDC-COs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDDs）则没有。甲基三氯生和加乐麝香表现出中等程度的生物放大。四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）和 1,2-双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）在环境介质中被检测到，但在任何生物体中都没有被检测到，这表明这些阻燃剂的生物累积潜力较低。研究中 HFRs 和合成麝香的生物累积潜力显然较低，可能是由于这些化合物的疏水性导致代谢转化和/或生物利用度降低。
