Pielach Martin, Schubert Hans-Joachim
Distance and Independent Studies Center, TU Kaiserslautern, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland.
Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Deutschland.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2018 Jul;134:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Leadership in social services and healthcare organizations is marked by high levels of complexity and contradiction, which cannot be fully explained by politically, economically, and socially induced changes. Rather, it is the particularities of service provision in healthcare and social services that confront executives with specific demands.
This study aimed to capture and prioritize required leadership competencies in healthcare and social services organizations.
A three-step Delphi study was conducted with executives and managerial staff, who are job holders and thus experts on their occupation. For the first step, an explorative qualitative approach was chosen to record general opinion without prior assumptions. The following two steps weighted and selected the competency requirements in step one using rating- and ranking procedures.
Results of the Delphi inquiry imply high relevance of social and personal competencies. Approximately 66 % of the competencies assessed in round three were social and personal competencies. 12 out of the 15 highest rated competencies in Delphi step three can be assigned to these two competency categories. In contrast, the importance of professional as well as methodical competencies was rated as less important. Only two methodical competencies and one professional competency were rated as very important by the panel. Nevertheless, the importance of executive professional and methodical competencies in healthcare and social services organizations is emphasized by high ratings of the competencies "Sector-specific expertise" and "Analytical skills". The methodical competency "Analytical skills" was identified by the Delphi respondents as the most important competency requirement.
Social and personal requirements are of primary importance for leadership in healthcare and social services organizations. These results mostly correspond to leadership requirements posited in the literature on leadership skills. Emphasis should be on the specific relevance of professionalism, which can be traced back to the high proportion of professional activities in everyday working practices, the self-conception of executive staff based on professional qualifications and profession as well as the organizational form as expert organization. Healthcare and social services organizations are expert organizations with a strong emphasis on professional expertise. Professional knowledge is the most important means of production of expert organizations and imperative to leadership in healthcare and social services organization, given the high integration of executives into the professional system. Despite the dominance of social and personal competency requirements, the most important competency requirement is "Analytical skills", which can be described as the basis of every action.
社会服务和医疗保健组织中的领导力具有高度的复杂性和矛盾性，政治、经济和社会引发的变革无法完全解释这些特性。相反，医疗保健和社会服务中服务提供的特殊性给管理人员带来了特定的要求。
本研究旨在获取医疗保健和社会服务组织所需的领导能力并确定其优先级。
对担任相关职位因而对其职业领域有专业知识的管理人员和行政人员开展了一项三步式德尔菲研究。第一步，选择探索性定性方法，在没有先入之见的情况下记录总体看法。接下来的两步使用评分和排序程序对第一步中的能力要求进行加权并筛选。
德尔菲调查结果表明社会和个人能力具有高度相关性。在第三轮评估的能力中，约66% 是社会和个人能力。德尔菲第三步中评分最高的15项能力中有12项可归入这两个能力类别。相比之下，专业能力和方法能力的重要性被评为较低。专家小组仅将两项方法能力和一项专业能力评为非常重要。尽管如此，“特定领域专业知识”和“分析能力”等能力的高评分强调了管理人员的专业和方法能力在医疗保健和社会服务组织中的重要性。德尔菲受访者将方法能力“分析能力”确定为最重要的能力要求。
社会和个人要求对医疗保健和社会服务组织中的领导力至关重要。这些结果大多与领导力技能文献中提出的领导要求相符。应强调专业性的特殊相关性，这可追溯到日常工作实践中专业活动的高比例、管理人员基于专业资格和职业的自我认知以及作为专业组织的组织形式。医疗保健和社会服务组织是高度重视专业知识的专业组织。专业知识是专业组织最重要的生产手段，鉴于管理人员高度融入专业体系，对于医疗保健和社会服务组织的领导力而言必不可少。尽管社会和个人能力要求占主导地位，但最重要的能力要求是“分析能力”，它可被视为一切行动的基础。
