Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1113:27-35. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_165.
Chronic exposure to detrimental environmental factors may induce immunogenic cell death of structural airway cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is a family of heterogeneous molecules released from injured or dead cells, which activate innate and adaptive immune responses on binding to the pattern recognition receptors on cells. This study seeks to define the content of DAMPs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of COPD patients, and the possible association of these molecules with clinical disease features. Thirty COPD in advanced disease stages were enrolled into the study. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas content, 6-minute walk test, and BODE index were assessed. The content of DAMPs was estimated using the commercial sandwich-ELISA kits. We found differential alterations in the content of various DAMP molecules. In the main, BALF DAMPs positively associated with age, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and residual volume (RV); and inversely with PaO, residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC) ratio, and the disease severity staging. In serum, DAMPS positively associated with the intensity of smoking and inversely with age, PaO, and TLC. In conclusion, DAMPs are present in both BALF and serum of COPD patients, which points to enhanced both local in the lung environment as well as systemic pro-inflammatory vein in this disease. These molecules appear involved with the lung damage and clinical variables featuring COPD. However, since the involvement of various DAMPs in COPD is variable, the exact role they play is by far unsettled and is open to further exploration.
慢性暴露于有害环境因素可导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中气道结构细胞发生免疫原性细胞死亡。损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）是一组从受损或死亡细胞中释放的异质分子，与细胞上的模式识别受体结合后可激活固有和适应性免疫反应。本研究旨在定义 COPD 患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）和血清中 DAMPs 的含量，并探讨这些分子与临床疾病特征的可能相关性。纳入 30 例处于疾病晚期的 COPD 患者。评估肺功能、动脉血气含量、6 分钟步行试验和 BODE 指数。使用商业夹心 ELISA 试剂盒估计 DAMPs 的含量。我们发现各种 DAMPs 分子的含量存在差异改变。总体而言，BALF DAMPs 与年龄、一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和残气量（RV）呈正相关，与 PaO、RV/TLC 比值和疾病严重程度分期呈负相关。在血清中，DAMPs 与吸烟强度呈正相关，与年龄、PaO 和 TLC 呈负相关。总之，COPD 患者的 BALF 和血清中均存在 DAMPs，表明在该疾病中肺部环境和全身炎症反应均增强。这些分子似乎与肺损伤和 COPD 的临床变量有关。然而，由于各种 DAMPs 在 COPD 中的参与是可变的，它们的确切作用迄今仍未确定，有待进一步探索。
