Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Apr;54(4):e67-e77. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.022. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Young adults with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart disease later in life. Despite emphasis on early screening, little is known about awareness of these risk factors in young adulthood.
Data from the nationally representative cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 were analyzed in 2017 to estimate the prevalence of self-reported awareness of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes in U.S. young adults aged 18-39 years (n=11,083). Prevalence estimates were weighted to population estimates using survey procedures, and predictors of awareness were identified using weighted logistic regression.
Among U.S. young adults, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes was 8.8% (SE=0.4%); 7.3% (SE=0.3%); and 2.6% (SE=0.2%), respectively. The prevalence of borderline high cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose were substantially higher (21.6% [SE= 0.6%]; 26.9% [SE=0.7%]; and 18.9% [SE=0.6%], respectively). Awareness was low for hypercholesterolemia (56.9% [SE=2.4%]) and moderate for hypertension and diabetes (62.7% [SE=2.4%] and 70.0% [SE=2.7%]); <25% of young adults with borderline levels of these risk factors were aware of their risk. Correlates of risk factor awareness included older age, insurance status, family income above the poverty line, U.S. origin, having a usual source of health care, and the presence of comorbid conditions.
Despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in U.S. young adults, awareness remains less than ideal. Interventions that target access may increase awareness and facilitate achieving treatment goals in young adults.
患有高血脂、高血压和糖尿病的年轻人在以后的生活中患心脏病的风险增加。尽管强调了早期筛查，但对于年轻人对这些危险因素的认识知之甚少。
2017 年分析了 2011-2014 年全国代表性横断面国家健康和营养检查调查的数据，以估计美国 18-39 岁年轻人（n=11083）自我报告的高胆固醇血症、高血压和糖尿病意识的流行率。使用调查程序对人口进行加权，并使用加权逻辑回归确定意识的预测因素。
在美国年轻人中，高胆固醇血症、高血压和糖尿病的患病率分别为 8.8%（SE=0.4%）、7.3%（SE=0.3%）和 2.6%（SE=0.2%）。边缘高胆固醇、血压和血糖的患病率明显更高（21.6%[SE=0.6%]；26.9%[SE=0.7%]；和 18.9%[SE=0.6%]）。高胆固醇血症的知晓率较低（56.9%[SE=2.4%]），高血压和糖尿病的知晓率中等（62.7%[SE=2.4%]和 70.0%[SE=2.7%]）；<25%的有这些危险因素边缘水平的年轻人意识到自己的风险。危险因素意识的相关因素包括年龄较大、保险状况、家庭收入高于贫困线、美国原籍、有常规医疗保健来源和合并症的存在。
尽管美国年轻人的心血管危险因素患病率较高，但意识仍不理想。针对获得途径的干预措施可能会提高年轻人的意识，并有助于实现治疗目标。
