Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.
Mol Med Rep. 2018 Apr;17(4):6174-6184. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8568. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
The present study investigated the effect of garlic (G) on serum, liver, renal and cerebral parameters of rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 32 rats were divided into eight groups, with 4 rats/group. A total of three models were established, including CIH, DM and CIH‑DM, and an additional healthy control (C) group. Rats in C‑G, CIH‑G, DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups were injected with a G extract daily. Serum, liver, renal and cerebral parameters were detected. The results demonstrated that the rats' weight increased gradually, but at a slower rate in the CIH, DM and CIH‑DM groups compared with the healthy rats. Blood glucose increased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups compared with the healthy control group, while insulin level increased in the CIH group, but decreased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, resulting in increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) value in the CIH group, compared with healthy controls. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione S‑transferase (GST), uric acid (UA), urine protein (UP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), total lipids (TL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) increased in the CIH, DM and CIH‑DM groups, while albumin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in all model groups compared with healthy controls. Nitric oxide (NO) increased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups but decreased in the CIH group, compared with the control group. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) increased in the CIH group but decreased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Glutathione reductase (GR) increased in the DM group but decreased in the CIH and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Liver TBARS and GST increased, while AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, ACP, catalase activity (CAT) and SOD decreased in the CIH, DM and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Liver GSH‑Px decreased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Renal TBARS in the DM and CIH‑DM groups increased compared with the control group. Renal GST increased while CAT and SOD decreased in the CIH, DM and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Cerebral TBARS increased in the CIH, DM and CIH‑DM groups and LDH increased in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, compared with the control group. Cerebral LDH in CIH decreased compared with the control group. G treatment improved weight gain, blood insulin and HOMA‑IR in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, reduced blood glucose in the DM and CIH‑DM groups, and insulin and HOMA‑IR in the CIH group, compared with the respective G‑untreated groups. G treatment increased serum SOD in CIH‑G, DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, GSH‑Px and albumin in the DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, and GR in the DM‑G group, compared with the respective G‑untreated groups. G treatment decreased serum TBARS, UA, UP, TC, TG, TL, AST, ALT, LDH and ACP in the CIH‑G, DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups; NO in the DM‑G group; GST and GR in the CIH‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups; and ALP in the DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, compared with the respective G‑untreated groups. Liver AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, CAT, SOD in the CIH‑G, DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups increased as a result of G treatment. GSH‑Px increased in the DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, ACP in the CIH‑G and DM‑G groups, renal CAT in the CIH‑DM‑G group, and renal SOD in the CIH‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, compared with the respective G‑untreated groups. Liver and cerebral TBARS decreased in all G‑treated experimental groups, and liver and renal GST, and cerebral LDH decreased in the DM‑G and CIH‑DM‑G groups, compared with the respective G‑untreated groups. The present study concluded that G aided in the recovery of homeostasis and metabolism in rats with CIH combined with DM, and protected rats' organs from damage induced by CIH combined with DM.
本研究探讨了大蒜（G）对慢性间歇性缺氧（CIH）合并糖尿病（DM）大鼠血清、肝脏、肾脏和大脑参数的影响。将 32 只大鼠分为 8 组，每组 4 只。共建立了 3 个模型，包括 CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM，以及一个健康对照组（C）。C-G、CIH-G、DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠每日注射 G 提取物。检测血清、肝脏、肾脏和大脑参数。结果表明，与健康大鼠相比，CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的体重逐渐增加，但速度较慢。与健康对照组相比，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的血糖升高，而 CIH 组大鼠的胰岛素水平升高，但 DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的胰岛素水平降低，导致 CIH 组大鼠的稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）值升高。与健康对照组相比，CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠血清丙二醛（TBARS）、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）、尿酸（UA）、尿蛋白（UP）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、总脂质（TL）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）升高，所有模型组大鼠的白蛋白和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）均降低。与对照组相比，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的一氧化氮（NO）升高，而 CIH 组大鼠的 NO 降低。与对照组相比，CIH 组大鼠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）升高，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的 GSH-Px 降低。与对照组相比，DM 组大鼠的谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）升高，而 CIH 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的 GR 降低。与对照组相比，CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的肝脏 TBARS 和 GST 升高，AST、ALT、LDH、ALP、ACP、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和 SOD 降低。与对照组相比，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的肝脏 GSH-Px 降低。与对照组相比，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的肾脏 TBARS 升高。与对照组相比，CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的肾脏 GST 升高，CAT 和 SOD 降低。与对照组相比，CIH、DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的大脑 TBARS 升高，DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的 LDH 升高。与对照组相比，CIH 组大鼠的大脑 LDH 降低。G 处理改善了 DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的体重增加、血液胰岛素和 HOMA-IR，降低了 DM 和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的血糖，以及 CIH 组大鼠的胰岛素和 HOMA-IR，与各自的 G 未处理组相比。与各自的 G 未处理组相比，CIH-G、DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的血清 SOD、DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的 GSH-Px 和白蛋白以及 DM-G 组大鼠的 GR 升高。与各自的 G 未处理组相比，CIH-G、DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的血清 TBARS、UA、UP、TC、TG、TL、AST、ALT、LDH 和 ACP 降低；DM-G 组大鼠的 NO 降低；CIH-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的 GST 和 GR 降低；DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的 ALP 降低。肝脏 AST、ALT、LDH、ALP、CAT 和 SOD 升高。与各自的 G 未处理组相比，DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的 GSH-Px 升高，CIH-G 和 DM-G 组大鼠的 ACP 升高，CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的肾脏 CAT 升高，CIH-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的肾脏 SOD 升高。与各自的 G 未处理组相比，CIH 组和 CIH-DM 组大鼠的肝脏和大脑 TBARS 降低，DM-G 和 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的肝脏和肾脏 GST 以及 CIH-DM-G 组大鼠的大脑 LDH 降低。本研究得出结论，G 有助于恢复 CIH 合并 DM 大鼠的内稳态和代谢，并保护大鼠的器官免受 CIH 合并 DM 引起的损伤。
