Cook H E, Yamada R K
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986 Sep;44(9):719-23. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(86)90042-x.
Three categories of acute renal failure have been identified: prerenal, postrenal, and renal. Prerenal failure results from decreased perfusion of the kidney and postrenal failure from obstruction distal to the nephron; renal failure, in the surgical setting, usually represents acute tubular necrosis. A rational approach to the diagnosis of acute renal failure is outlined, and the treatment of acute tubular necrosis is discussed. High-risk factors are identified, and the importance of maintaining intravascular volume to prevent acute renal failure is stressed, since the mortality rate may approach 50% in patients in whom this perioperative complication develops.
肾前性、肾后性和肾性。肾前性肾衰竭是由肾脏灌注减少引起的，肾后性肾衰竭是由肾单位远端梗阻引起的；在外科手术环境中，肾衰竭通常表现为急性肾小管坏死。概述了诊断急性肾衰竭的合理方法，并讨论了急性肾小管坏死的治疗。确定了高危因素，并强调了维持血管内容量以预防急性肾衰竭的重要性，因为发生这种围手术期并发症的患者死亡率可能接近50%。
