Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Trauma Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Inj Prev. 2019 Aug;25(4):290-294. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042621. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Previous studies have identified risk factors for dog bites in children, but use data from individual trauma centers, with limited generalizability. This study identifies a population risk profile for pediatric dog bites using the National Trauma Data Bank. We hypothesized that the population at risk was younger boys, that such bites occur at home, are moderately severe, and are on the face or neck.
For this retrospective cross-sectional study, a sample of 7912 children 17 years old and younger with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 event code E906.0, for dog bites, were identified. Datasets from 2007 to 2014 were used. Data included patient's gender, age, ICD-9 primary and location E-codes, AIS body region and AIS severity.
Most children were 6-12 years old and female, but a similar number fell into the narrower range of 0-2 years old. Injuries in the younger group frequently occurred at home, on the face and head, and with minor severity. Age of the child predicts the location of incident (P<0.001), the severity of injury (P<0.001) and the body region of the injury (P<0.001). Body region of the injury predicted its severity (P<0.001).
Younger children are more likely to receive dog bites, and bites incurred are likely of greater severity. Children this young cannot yet be taught how to properly interact with a dog.
Dog bites are a significant source of morbidity for children. Based on the population risk factors profile generated, this study recommends targeting live dog education towards the parents of young children.
之前的研究已经确定了儿童被狗咬伤的风险因素，但这些研究使用的是个别创伤中心的数据，推广性有限。本研究利用国家创伤数据库确定了儿童被狗咬伤的人群风险特征。我们假设风险人群是年幼的男孩，此类咬伤发生在家庭中，伤情为中度至重度，且发生在面部或颈部。
本回顾性横断面研究，选取了 7912 名年龄在 17 岁及以下、国际疾病分类（ICD）第 9 版事件代码为 E906.0 的狗咬伤儿童患者。使用了 2007 年至 2014 年的数据。数据包括患者的性别、年龄、ICD-9 主要诊断和损伤部位 E 编码、损伤严重程度评分（AIS）身体区域和 AIS 严重程度。
大多数儿童年龄在 6-12 岁，为女性，但也有数量相近的儿童年龄在 0-2 岁。年龄较小的儿童受伤部位常发生在家庭，在面部和头部，且伤情较轻。儿童的年龄预测了受伤部位（P<0.001）、损伤严重程度（P<0.001）和损伤身体区域（P<0.001）。损伤身体区域也预测了其严重程度（P<0.001）。
年龄较小的儿童更易遭受狗咬伤，且受伤程度可能更严重。这些年幼的孩子还不能被教导如何与狗正确互动。
狗咬伤是儿童发病率的一个重要来源。根据本研究提出的人群风险因素特征，建议向幼儿的父母开展有关狗的现场教育。
