Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
Department of Animal Physiology, Neurobiology and Behavior, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany.
Science. 2018 Feb 8;359(6376):653-657. doi: 10.1126/science.aao7104. eCollection 2018 Feb 9.
How does agility evolve? This question is challenging because natural movement has many degrees of freedom and can be influenced by multiple traits. We used computer vision to record thousands of translations, rotations, and turns from more than 200 hummingbirds from 25 species, revealing that distinct performance metrics are correlated and that species diverge in their maneuvering style. Our analysis demonstrates that the enhanced maneuverability of larger species is explained by their proportionately greater muscle capacity and lower wing loading. Fast acceleration maneuvers evolve by recruiting changes in muscle capacity, whereas fast rotations and sharp turns evolve by recruiting changes in wing morphology. Both species and individuals use turns that play to their strengths. These results demonstrate how both skill and biomechanical traits shape maneuvering behavior.
敏捷性是如何进化的？这个问题具有挑战性，因为自然运动有许多自由度，并受到多种特征的影响。我们使用计算机视觉技术记录了来自 25 个物种的 200 多只蜂鸟的数千次平移、旋转和转弯，结果表明不同的性能指标是相关的，并且物种在其操纵方式上存在差异。我们的分析表明，较大物种的机动性增强是由其比例更大的肌肉容量和更低的翼载来解释的。快速加速机动通过募集肌肉容量的变化来进化，而快速旋转和急转弯则通过募集翼形态的变化来进化。物种和个体都使用适合自己优势的转弯。这些结果表明，技能和生物力学特征如何共同塑造操纵行为。
