Donati B, Fürst A E, Hässig M, Jackson M A
Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Section of Herd Health, Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Equine Vet J. 2018 Sep;50(5):580-586. doi: 10.1111/evj.12819. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Fractures occur commonly in equids and often are associated with complications and a poor outcome. There are no reports on the epidemiology of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population.
To study the epidemiology of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population, focusing on differences between fractures resulting from a kick and fractures, resulting from other causes and investigating predictors for recovery.
Retrospective case series.
Data of all equids presented to the Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich between 1990 and 2014 and diagnosed with a fracture were reviewed and those with a known cause were included in this study. Mann-Whitney and chi-squared tests were used to compare recovery rates of fractures resulting from a kick and fractures resulting from other causes, and a logistic regression was carried out for multivariate analysis of the most important factors affecting recovery.
Here, 1144 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of all fractures (with a known cause), 43.6% were the result of a kick from another equid. Kicks often produced open fractures (44.7%) that involved bones of the limbs (85.6%). Overall recovery was 70.1%. Logistic regression showed that high-grade lameness accompanying the fracture and severe comminution negatively affected recovery.
The equids in this study were drawn from a referred population, which likely precluded the inclusion of both minor fractures and catastrophic fractures that necessitated immediate euthanasia. Moreover, many cases were excluded because the cause of the fracture could not be determined from the patient record.
Kicks are the most common cause of fractures in a heterogeneous equine population and measures to reduce the incidence of kicks are necessary in group-housing systems.
骨折在马科动物中很常见，并且常常伴有并发症且预后不佳。目前尚无关于异质马群骨折流行病学的报道。
研究异质马群骨折的流行病学，重点关注踢伤导致的骨折与其他原因导致的骨折之间的差异，并调查恢复的预测因素。
回顾性病例系列研究。
对1990年至2014年间送至苏黎世大学兽医学院马科动物科并被诊断为骨折的所有马科动物的数据进行回顾，将已知病因的病例纳入本研究。采用曼-惠特尼检验和卡方检验比较踢伤导致的骨折与其他原因导致的骨折的恢复率，并进行逻辑回归分析以对影响恢复的最重要因素进行多变量分析。
在此，1144例符合纳入标准。在所有已知病因的骨折中，43.6%是被另一匹马踢伤所致。踢伤常导致开放性骨折（44.7%），且累及四肢骨骼（85.6%）。总体恢复率为70.1%。逻辑回归分析表明，骨折伴随的高度跛行和严重粉碎性骨折对恢复有负面影响。
本研究中的马科动物来自转诊群体，这可能排除了轻微骨折和需要立即实施安乐死的灾难性骨折。此外，许多病例被排除，因为无法从患者记录中确定骨折原因。
在异质马群中，踢伤是骨折最常见的原因，在群居系统中采取措施降低踢伤发生率很有必要。
