Chauhan Chirag J, Shah Darshana N, Sutaria Foram B
Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Oral Implantology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Indian J Dent Res. 2018 Jan-Feb;29(1):81-92. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_729_16.
As implant site preparation and bone are critical precursors to primary healing, thermal and mechanical damage to the bone must be minimized during the preparation of the implant site. Moreover, excessively traumatic surgery can adversely affect the maturation of bone tissue at the bone/implant interface and consequently diminish the predictability of osseointegration. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the various biological and mechanical factors responsible for heat generation during osteotomy site preparation to reduce the same for successful osseointegration of dental implants.
A broad search of the dental literature in PubMed added by manual search was performed for articles published between 1992 and December 2015. Various bio-mechanical factors related to dental implant osteotomy preparation such as dental implant drill designs/material/wear, drilling methods, type of irrigation, and bone quality were reviewed. Titles and abstracts were screened and articles which fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for a full-text reading.
The initial database search yielded 123 titles, of which 59 titles were discarded after reading the titles and abstracts, 30 articles were again excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 34 articles were selected for data extraction. Many biological and mechanical factors responsible for heat generation were found.
Literatures of this review study have indicated that there are various bio-mechanical reasons, which affect the temperature rise during osteotomy and suggest that the amount of heat generation is a multifactorial in nature and it should be minimized for better primary healing of the implant site.
由于种植位点预备和骨组织是一期愈合的关键前提，在种植位点预备过程中必须尽量减少对骨组织的热损伤和机械损伤。此外，过度创伤性手术会对骨/种植体界面处骨组织的成熟产生不利影响，从而降低骨结合的可预测性。因此，开展本研究以评估截骨位点预备过程中导致产热的各种生物学和力学因素，从而减少产热以实现牙种植体的成功骨结合。
通过手动检索对PubMed中1992年至2015年12月发表的牙科文献进行广泛搜索。对与牙种植体截骨预备相关的各种生物力学因素进行了综述，如牙种植体钻头设计/材料/磨损、钻孔方法、冲洗类型和骨质量。筛选标题和摘要，选择符合纳入标准的文章进行全文阅读。
初步数据库检索得到123个标题，阅读标题和摘要后剔除59个标题，根据纳入和排除标准再次排除30篇文章，最终选择34篇文章进行数据提取。发现了许多导致产热的生物学和力学因素。
本综述研究的文献表明，存在多种生物力学原因会影响截骨过程中的温度升高，并表明产热的量本质上是多因素的，为了实现种植位点更好的一期愈合，应将其降至最低。
