Juniat Valerie, Golnik Karl C, Bernardini Francesco P, Cetinkaya Altug, Fay Aaron, Mukherjee Bipasha, Pakdel Farzad, Skippen Brent, Saleh George M
a Moorfields Eye Hospital , London , UK.
b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Cincinnati & the Cincinnati Eye Institute , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
Orbit. 2018 Dec;37(6):401-404. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2018.1437754. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) is currently developing a series of standardized, internationally validated, teaching tools for key ophthalmic surgical procedures called the Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubrics (OSCARs). This study aims to develop an OSCAR for anterior approach ptosis surgery.
An international panel of content experts, representing Australia, India, Iran, Italy, Turkey, UK, and the USA was established and worked to develop the rubric using a range of online collaboration tools. The team used the standardised OSCAR template as a baseline, developing explicit behavioural descriptors (the behaviour and performance expected for each step) that were reviewed and modified with successive models. Learners were scored a modified 4-point Dreyfus scale of skill acquisition (novice, beginner, advanced beginner, competent) with the removal of the expert domain.
The final OSCAR ptosis tool was developed in alignment with the ICO-OSCAR standard. Seventeen agreed and weighted stems were produced. Domains such as communication and postoperative complications were removed from this rubric as they are evaluated in other spheres of residency training. Specific comments with regard to the parameters and wording were incorporated to formulate the final rubric, which was internationally agreed and demonstrated face and content validity.
The OSCAR for anterior approach ptosis is skill and behaviour-based, has ICO agreed standards for assessment and provides learners with specific targets for improvement. Although the OSCAR ptosis tool has face and content validity, further development could better elucidate its precise role.
国际眼科学理事会（ICO）目前正在开发一系列标准化的、经过国际验证的关键眼科手术教学工具，称为眼科手术能力评估量表（OSCARs）。本研究旨在开发一种用于前路睑下垂手术的OSCAR。
成立了一个由来自澳大利亚、印度、伊朗、意大利、土耳其、英国和美国的内容专家组成的国际小组，并使用一系列在线协作工具来制定该量表。该团队以标准化的OSCAR模板为基线，制定明确的行为描述（每个步骤预期的行为和表现），并在后续模型中进行审查和修改。学习者根据修改后的4点德雷福斯技能习得量表（新手、初学者、高级初学者、胜任者）进行评分，去掉了专家级别。
最终的OSCAR睑下垂工具是按照ICO-OSCAR标准开发的。生成了17个一致且经过加权的项目。沟通和术后并发症等领域从该量表中删除，因为它们在住院医师培训的其他方面进行评估。纳入了关于参数和措辞的具体意见，以制定最终量表，该量表得到了国际认可，并证明了表面效度和内容效度。
前路睑下垂OSCAR基于技能和行为，具有ICO认可的评估标准，并为学习者提供了具体的改进目标。虽然OSCAR睑下垂工具具有表面效度和内容效度，但进一步开发可以更好地阐明其确切作用。
