Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
PLoS Biol. 2018 Feb 14;16(2):e2005429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005429. eCollection 2018 Feb.
Our sensory systems have evolved to provide us with information about the external world. Such information is useful only insofar as it leads to actions that enhance fitness, and thus, the link between sensation and action has been thoroughly studied in many species. In insects, for example, specific visual stimuli lead to highly stereotyped responses. In contrast, humans can exhibit a wide range of responses to the same stimulus, as occurs most notably in the phenomenon of multistable perception. On this basis, one might think that humans have a fundamentally different way of generating actions from sensory inputs, but Toepfer et al. show that flies show evidence of multistable perception as well. Specifically, when confronted with a sensory stimulus that can yield different motor responses, flies switch from one response to another with temporal dynamics that are similar to those of humans and other animals. This suggests that the mechanisms that give rise to the rich repertoire of sensory experience in humans have correlates in much simpler nervous systems.
我们的感觉系统已经进化到可以为我们提供有关外部世界的信息。这种信息只有在能够增强适应性的情况下才有用,因此,感觉和行动之间的联系在许多物种中都得到了深入研究。例如,在昆虫中,特定的视觉刺激会导致高度刻板的反应。相比之下,人类可以对相同的刺激表现出广泛的反应,这种现象最显著的表现就是多稳态感知。基于这一点,人们可能会认为人类从感觉输入中产生动作的方式有根本的不同,但 Toepfer 等人表明,苍蝇也表现出多稳态感知的迹象。具体来说,当面对一个可以产生不同运动反应的感觉刺激时,苍蝇会以类似于人类和其他动物的时间动态从一种反应切换到另一种反应。这表明,在人类中产生丰富的感觉体验的机制在更简单的神经系统中也有相应的表现。