Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2018 Mar;60:136-146. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Developmental changes in alcohol expectancies (AE) have been proposed to lead to alcohol use initiation and later alcohol use in adolescence. This systematic review aims to provide longitudinal evidence of the development of AE and the relation of AE to alcohol outcomes from childhood to late adolescence (4-18 years old).
A computer-assisted search of relevant articles identified 1602 studies, of which 43 studies (conducted between 1996 and 2016) were selected.
First, negative AE decline and positive AE increase in early adolescence. Moreover, alcohol use (initiation) seems to strongly influence changes in AE. Second, AE predict alcohol use initiation and drinking patterns over time. Third, longitudinal predictors of AE could be divided into individual predictors (i.e., alcohol-related cognitions, psychopathology, and genetics) and environmental predictors (i.e., family, peer, and media influences). Lastly, the results indicated that AE function as mediators of the relations between the various individual and environmental predictors and adolescent's alcohol use.
Alcohol expectancies form an important framework through which drinking behavior can be explained over time. Due to the diverse findings on the predictors of AE, future longitudinal studies should further clarify the factors that are essential in the development of AE and adolescent's later alcohol use.
酒精期望（AE）的发展变化被认为是导致青少年饮酒的开始和后续饮酒的原因。本系统综述旨在提供从儿童期到青春期晚期（4-18 岁）AE 发展的纵向证据，以及 AE 与酒精结果之间的关系。
通过计算机辅助搜索相关文章，确定了 1602 项研究，其中有 43 项研究（1996 年至 2016 年进行）被选中。
首先，AE 在青少年早期呈负向下降和正向上升的趋势。此外，饮酒（开始）似乎强烈影响 AE 的变化。其次，AE 可以预测随时间推移的酒精使用开始和饮酒模式。第三，AE 的纵向预测因子可分为个体预测因子（即与酒精相关的认知、精神病理学和遗传学）和环境预测因子（即家庭、同伴和媒体影响）。最后，结果表明，AE 作为各种个体和环境预测因子与青少年饮酒之间关系的中介。
酒精期望是一个重要的框架，可以用来解释随着时间的推移饮酒行为。由于 AE 预测因子的研究结果存在差异，未来的纵向研究应该进一步阐明在 AE 发展和青少年后续饮酒中起重要作用的因素。
