Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
Science. 2018 Feb 16;359(6377):760-764. doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0524.
A gap in emission inventories of urban volatile organic compound (VOC) sources, which contribute to regional ozone and aerosol burdens, has increased as transportation emissions in the United States and Europe have declined rapidly. A detailed mass balance demonstrates that the use of volatile chemical products (VCPs)-including pesticides, coatings, printing inks, adhesives, cleaning agents, and personal care products-now constitutes half of fossil fuel VOC emissions in industrialized cities. The high fraction of VCP emissions is consistent with observed urban outdoor and indoor air measurements. We show that human exposure to carbonaceous aerosols of fossil origin is transitioning away from transportation-related sources and toward VCPs. Existing U.S. regulations on VCPs emphasize mitigating ozone and air toxics, but they currently exempt many chemicals that lead to secondary organic aerosols.
城市挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 排放清单存在缺口，这些排放源对区域臭氧和气溶胶负担有影响，而美国和欧洲的交通排放迅速下降，使这一缺口进一步扩大。详细的质量平衡表明，挥发性化学产品（VCPs）的使用——包括农药、涂料、印刷油墨、胶粘剂、清洁剂和个人护理产品——现在构成了工业化城市中化石燃料 VOC 排放的一半。VCP 排放量占比高与观察到的城市户外和室内空气测量结果一致。我们表明，人类暴露于源自化石燃料的碳质气溶胶，正逐渐由与交通相关的来源转向 VCPs。美国现行的 VCP 法规强调缓解臭氧和空气毒素问题，但目前豁免了许多会导致二次有机气溶胶的化学物质。
