Wright Julia L, Chen Jessie Y C, Barnes Michael J
a U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Orlando , FL , USA.
b U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Ft. Huachuca , AZ , USA.
Ergonomics. 2018 Aug;61(8):1033-1045. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1441449. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
In a human-automation interaction study, automation assistance level (AL) was investigated for its effects on operator performance in a dynamic, multi-tasking environment. Participants supervised a convoy of manned and unmanned vehicles traversing a simulated environment in three AL conditions, while maintaining situation awareness and identifying targets. Operators' situation awareness, target detection performance, workload and individual differences were evaluated. Results show increasing AL generally improved task performance and decreased perceived workload, however, differential effects due to operator spatial ability and perceived attentional control were found. Eye-tracking measures were useful in parsing out individual differences that subjective measures did not detect. At the highest AL, participants demonstrated potentially complacent behaviour, indicating task disengagement. Practitioner Summary: The effect of varying automation assistance level (AL) on operator performance on multiple tasks were examined in a within-subjects experiment. Findings indicated a moderate AL improved performance, while higher levels encouraged complacent behaviour. Effects due to individual differences suggest that effective AL depends on the underlying characteristics of the operator.
在一项人机交互研究中，研究了自动化辅助水平（AL）对动态多任务环境中操作员绩效的影响。参与者在三种AL条件下监督一队有人和无人驾驶车辆穿越模拟环境，同时保持态势感知并识别目标。评估了操作员的态势感知、目标检测性能、工作量和个体差异。结果表明，提高AL通常会改善任务绩效并降低感知工作量，然而，发现了由于操作员空间能力和感知注意力控制导致的差异效应。眼动追踪测量有助于剖析主观测量未检测到的个体差异。在最高AL水平下，参与者表现出潜在的自满行为，表明任务脱离。从业者总结：在一项被试内实验中，研究了不同自动化辅助水平（AL）对操作员多项任务绩效的影响。研究结果表明，适度的AL可提高绩效，而较高水平则会助长自满行为。个体差异的影响表明，有效的AL取决于操作员的潜在特征。
