Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
Nursing Department, Post Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018 May;53(5):487-496. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1488-z. Epub 2018 Feb 17.
Urban violence is a major problem in Brazil and may contribute to mental disorders among victims. The aim of this study was to assess the association between robbery victimisation and mental health disorders in late adolescence.
At age 18 years, 4106 participants in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study were assessed. A questionnaire about history of robbery victimisation was administered, the Self-Report Questionnaire was used to screen for common mental disorders, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Cross-sectional prevalence ratios between lifetime robbery victimisation and mental disorders were estimated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, adjusting for socioeconomic variables measured at birth and violence in the home and maltreatment measured at age 15.
There was a dose-response relationship between frequency of lifetime robberies and risk of mental disorders. Adolescents who had been robbed three or more times had twice the risk (PR 2.04; 95% CI 1.64-2.56) for common mental disorders, over four times the risk for depression (PR 4.59; 95% CI 2.60-8.12), and twice the risk for anxiety (PR 1.93; 95% CI 1.06-3.50), compared with non-victims, adjusting for covariates. Experiencing frequent robberies had greater impact on common mental disorders than experiencing an armed robbery. Population attributable fractions with regard to robbery were 9% for common mental disorders, 13% for depression, and 8% for anxiety.
Robberies are associated with common mental disorders in late adolescence, independently of violence between family members. Reducing urban violence could significantly help in preventing common mental illnesses.
城市暴力是巴西的一个主要问题，可能导致受害者出现精神障碍。本研究旨在评估抢劫受害与青少年晚期心理健康障碍之间的关系。
在 18 岁时，对 1993 年佩洛塔斯出生队列研究中的 4106 名参与者进行评估。对抢劫受害史进行问卷调查，使用自我报告问卷筛查常见精神障碍，使用迷你国际神经精神访谈评估重性抑郁障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍。使用泊松回归和稳健标准误差，调整出生时的社会经济变量、家庭内暴力和 15 岁时的虐待情况，估计一生中发生抢劫与精神障碍之间的横断面患病率比值。
一生中发生抢劫的频率与精神障碍的风险之间存在剂量-反应关系。与未受害的青少年相比，曾被抢劫 3 次或以上的青少年发生常见精神障碍的风险增加了两倍（PR 2.04；95%CI 1.64-2.56），患抑郁症的风险增加了四倍（PR 4.59；95%CI 2.60-8.12），患焦虑症的风险增加了两倍（PR 1.93；95%CI 1.06-3.50），调整了混杂因素。与经历武装抢劫相比，经常遭受抢劫对常见精神障碍的影响更大。抢劫导致的人群归因分数为：常见精神障碍 9%，抑郁症 13%，焦虑症 8%。
抢劫与青少年晚期的常见精神障碍有关，与家庭成员之间的暴力无关。减少城市暴力可以显著有助于预防常见精神疾病。
