Cuzon Carlson Verginia C
Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2018;248:79-112. doi: 10.1007/164_2018_98.
Alcohol (ethanol) is a widely used and abused drug with approximately 90% of adults over the age of 18 consuming alcohol at some point in their lifetime. Alcohol exerts its actions through multiple neurotransmitter systems within the brain, most notably the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. Alcohol's actions on GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission have been suggested to underlie the acute behavioral effects of ethanol. The striatum is the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia that plays a role in motor and reward systems. The effect of ethanol on GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission within striatal circuitry has been thought to underlie ethanol taking, seeking, withdrawal and relapse. This chapter reviews the effects of ethanol on GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission, highlighting the dynamic changes in striatal circuitry from acute to chronic exposure and withdrawal.
酒精（乙醇）是一种广泛使用且被滥用的药物，约90%的18岁以上成年人在其一生中的某个时刻会饮酒。酒精通过大脑内的多种神经递质系统发挥作用，最显著的是γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能和谷氨酸能系统。酒精对GABA能和谷氨酸能神经传递的作用被认为是乙醇急性行为效应的基础。纹状体是基底神经节的主要输入核，在运动和奖赏系统中发挥作用。乙醇对纹状体回路中GABA能和谷氨酸能神经传递的影响被认为是乙醇摄取、寻求、戒断和复发的基础。本章综述了乙醇对GABA能和谷氨酸能传递的影响，强调了从急性到慢性暴露及戒断过程中纹状体回路的动态变化。
