Aldape-López César Tonatiuh, Santos-Moreno Antonio
Rev Biol Trop. 2016 Sep;64(3):931-43.
The development of silvicultural techniques has as main objective to maximize the production of timber, whereas at the same time minimize the impact generated during and after forest intervention in the local diversity. However, these activities change local climate, and this, in turn, alter the composition of natural communities. The effect of these changes may be greater in those taxonomic groups with high sensitivity to habitat disturbance, such as amphibians and reptiles, which are the unique terrestrial ectothermic vertebrates. The present study aims to know the differences in diversity of amphibians and reptiles in a temperate forest under two silvicultural treatments, one of low and the other of high intensity, as well as from one, five and ten years of regeneration since the last logging event, Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Records of 21 species of herpetofauna (six amphibians and 15 reptiles) were obtained. The total species richness was similar in both treatments; however, the composition varied between sites with different recovery times. Higher abundance of amphibian was presented on sites with the low-intensity treatment, while reptiles were more abundant at sites with intensive treatment. Compared to a mature forest without management, sites with intensive treatment have more rare species, although the values of true diversity of amphibians were similar between treatments with different intensities, while for reptiles sites under treatment showed less diversity that unmanaged site: 33 % for intensive treatment and 28 % at sites with low intensity with respect to one control site. Complementary Analysis showed a difference of 86 % between the compositions of species in sites with intensive treatment. The treatment intensity was associated with an increase in the number of species, but the way they respond to changes in habitat depends largely on the population characteristics of each species and its ability to adapt to new conditions.
造林技术的发展主要目标是使木材产量最大化，同时尽量减少森林干预期间及之后对当地生物多样性产生的影响。然而，这些活动会改变当地气候，进而改变自然群落的组成。对于那些对栖息地干扰高度敏感的分类群，如两栖动物和爬行动物（它们是仅有的陆生变温脊椎动物），这些变化的影响可能更大。本研究旨在了解墨西哥瓦哈卡州南部山区一片温带森林在两种造林处理方式（一种是低强度，另一种是高强度）下，以及自上次伐木事件起1年、5年和10年的恢复时间里，两栖动物和爬行动物的多样性差异。共获得了21种两栖爬行动物（6种两栖动物和15种爬行动物）的记录。两种处理方式下的物种丰富度总量相似；然而，不同恢复时间的地点之间组成有所不同。低强度处理的地点两栖动物数量更多，而高强度处理的地点爬行动物数量更多。与未经管理的成熟森林相比，高强度处理的地点有更多稀有物种，尽管不同强度处理下两栖动物的真实多样性值相似，但对于爬行动物而言，处理地点的多样性低于未管理地点：高强度处理地点为33%，低强度处理地点为28%，而一个对照地点为100%。互补分析表明，高强度处理地点的物种组成差异为86%。处理强度与物种数量的增加有关，但它们对栖息地变化的反应方式在很大程度上取决于每个物种种群的特征及其适应新环境的能力。
