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CRISPR/Cas9 催化的 DNA 切割产物的双向降解。

Bidirectional Degradation of DNA Cleavage Products Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9.

出版信息

J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Mar 14;140(10):3743-3750. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b13050. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

Abstract

Since the initial characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 as a powerful gene-editing tool, it has been widely accepted that Cas9 generates blunt-ended DNA products by concerted cleavage of the target (tDNA) and non-target (ntDNA) strands three nucleotides away from the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) by HNH and RuvC nuclease active sites, respectively. Following initial DNA cleavage, RuvC catalyzes 3'→5' degradation of the ntDNA resulting in DNA products of various lengths. Here, we found that Cas9 selects multiple sites for initial ntDNA cleavage and preferentially generates staggered-ended DNA products containing single-nucleotide 5'-overhangs. We also quantitatively evaluated 3'→5' post-cleavage trimming (PCT) activity of RuvC to find that ntDNA degradation continues up to the -10 position on the PAM distal DNA product and is kinetically significant when compared to extremely slow DNA product release. We also discovered a previously unidentified 5'→3' PCT activity of RuvC which can shorten the PAM proximal ntDNA product by precisely one nucleotide with a comparable rate as the 3'→5' PCT activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RuvC-catalyzed PCT ultimately generates DNA fragments with heterogeneous ends following initial DNA cleavage including a PAM proximal fragment with a blunt end and a PAM distal fragment with a staggered-end, 3'-recessed on the ntDNA strand. These kinetic and biochemical findings underline the importance of temporal control of Cas9 during gene-editing experiments and help explain the patterns of nucleotide insertions at sites of Cas9-catalyzed gene modification in vivo.

摘要

自从最初将化脓性链球菌 CRISPR/Cas9 鉴定为一种强大的基因编辑工具以来,人们普遍认为 Cas9 通过分别在靶(tDNA)和非靶(ntDNA)链上与间隔基序(PAM)相隔三个核苷酸的 HNH 和 RuvC 核酸酶活性位点协同切割,产生平头末端的 DNA 产物。初始 DNA 切割后,RuvC 催化 ntDNA 的 3'→5'降解,导致 DNA 产物具有各种长度。在这里,我们发现 Cas9 选择多个初始 ntDNA 切割位点,并优先产生包含单核苷酸 5'-突出的交错末端 DNA 产物。我们还定量评估了 RuvC 的 3'→5' 后切割修剪(PCT)活性,发现 ntDNA 降解会持续到 PAM 远端 DNA 产物的-10 位,并且与非常缓慢的 DNA 产物释放相比具有动力学意义。我们还发现了 RuvC 的一种以前未被识别的 5'→3'PCT 活性,它可以通过精确地将 PAM 近端 ntDNA 产物缩短一个核苷酸,与 3'→5'PCT 活性相当的速度。总之,我们的结果表明,RuvC 催化的 PCT 最终会在初始 DNA 切割后产生具有异质末端的 DNA 片段,包括具有平头末端的 PAM 近端片段和具有交错末端、ntDNA 链上 3'-凹陷的 PAM 远端片段。这些动力学和生化发现强调了 Cas9 在基因编辑实验过程中进行时间控制的重要性,并有助于解释 Cas9 催化的基因修饰体内位点核苷酸插入的模式。

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