The Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Metabolic Rate and Respiratory Patterns of the Hissing Cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa (Blattodea: Blaberidae).

We examined the effects of humidity on the metabolic rates and respiratory patterns of Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum) (Blattodea: Blaberidae) to determine whether insects transition from continuous, cyclical, and discontinuous (DGC) respiration in response to water conservation. Eight male G. portentosa were placed under five different humidity treatments (0, 23, 40, 60, 80% RH). Using flow through respirometry we: (i) determined the effect of humidity on metabolic rate; (ii) observed if changes in metabolic rate were correlated with changes in closed/flutter (CF) or the open (O) phase of DGC; and (iii) determined whether increased spiracular closure was correlated with an increase in water retention. Although G. portentosa had similar rates of CO2 release when placed under 0, 40, 60, and 80% RH, cockroaches placed at 23% RH had a significantly higher metabolic rate. There was no effect of humidity on the duration of the CF phase of the DGC. However, the O phase of DGC was significantly longer when G. portentosa was placed at humidity levels above 23% RH. Interestingly, we saw that the average rate of mass lost to the environment did not change when cockroaches were placed at humidity levels ranging from 0 to 80% RH. This suggests that modulation of the spiracles allows G. portentosa to regulate the amount of water lost to the environment.