Lin Ming-Hsien, Lin Chwan-Fwu, Yang Shih-Chun, Hung Chi-Feng, Fang Jia-You
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2018 Jan 1;14(1):66-85. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2459.
The employment of nanoparticles has markedly increased in recent years for different applications such as aerospace technology, electronics, biology, and medicine. The exposure of nanoparticles to humans is inevitable nowadays. Neutrophils act as the predominant phagocytic cells for first-line defense to be recruited to an inflammatory site against xenobiotics. It is important to explore how neutrophils interact with nanoparticles to elicit immune responses. Different types of nanoparticles have been studied to reveal a potential interaction to neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. These mainly include metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, and fullerenes. A number of investigations have reported the toxicity of nanoparticles induced by neutrophil activation. In this review we discuss data demonstrating recently recognized aspects of inflammation induced by overwhelmed neutrophils after nanoparticle treatment. Besides the dark side of the nanoparticles, some therapeutic nanoparticles are developed and beneficial in treating neutrophil-related diseases such as acute lung injury, vascular inflammation, and bacterial infection. Some nanoparticles can recruit neutrophils around tumor sites for immunotherapy. We also summarize how nanoparticles actively target neutrophils with therapeutic aims. This review provides a broad introduction to nanoparticle interplay with neutrophils and discusses in vitro and in vivo studies in which they have been evaluated.
近年来，纳米颗粒在航空航天技术、电子、生物学和医学等不同应用中的使用显著增加。如今，纳米颗粒对人类的暴露已不可避免。中性粒细胞作为一线防御的主要吞噬细胞，会被招募到针对异源生物的炎症部位。探索中性粒细胞如何与纳米颗粒相互作用以引发免疫反应很重要。人们已经研究了不同类型的纳米颗粒，以揭示其在体外和体内与中性粒细胞的潜在相互作用。这些主要包括金属纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒、二氧化硅纳米颗粒、脂质纳米颗粒和富勒烯。许多研究报告了中性粒细胞激活诱导的纳米颗粒毒性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了证明纳米颗粒处理后中性粒细胞过载引发的炎症最近被认识到的方面的数据。除了纳米颗粒的负面影响外，一些治疗性纳米颗粒已被开发出来，对治疗中性粒细胞相关疾病如急性肺损伤、血管炎症和细菌感染有益。一些纳米颗粒可以在肿瘤部位周围招募中性粒细胞用于免疫治疗。我们还总结了纳米颗粒如何以治疗为目的主动靶向中性粒细胞。这篇综述广泛介绍了纳米颗粒与中性粒细胞的相互作用，并讨论了对它们进行评估的体外和体内研究。
