Mahfuz M Muntaseer, Schubert Michael C, Figtree William V C, Todd Christopher J, Khan Serajul I, Migliaccio Americo A
Balance and Vision Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia.
J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2018 Jun;19(3):261-271. doi: 10.1007/s10162-018-0657-9. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the main vision-stabilising system during rapid head movements in humans. A visual-vestibular mismatch stimulus can be used to train or adapt the VOR response because it induces a retinal image slip error signal that drives VOR motor learning. The training context has been shown to affect VOR adaptation. We sought to determine whether active (self-generated) versus passive (externally imposed) head rotation vestibular training would differentially affect adaptation and short-term retention of the active and passive VOR responses. Ten subjects were tested, each over six separate 1.5-h sessions. We compared active versus passive head impulse (transient, rapid head rotations with peak velocity ~ 150 °/s) VOR adaptation training lasting 15 min with the VOR gain challenged to increment, starting at unity, by 0.1 every 90 s towards one side only (this adapting side was randomised to be either left or right). The VOR response was tested/measured in darkness at 10-min intervals, 20-min intervals, and two single 60-min interval sessions for 1 h post-training. The training was active or passive for the 10- and 20-min interval sessions, but only active for the two single 60-min interval sessions. The mean VOR response increase due to training was ~ 10 % towards the adapting side versus ~2 % towards the non-adapting side. There was no difference in VOR adaptation and retention between active and passive VOR training. The only factor to affect retention was exposure to a de-adaptation stimulus. These data suggest that active VOR adaptation training can be used to optimally adapt the passive VOR and that adaptation is completely retained over 1 h as long as there is no visual feedback signal driving de-adaptation.
前庭眼反射（VOR）是人类快速头部运动时主要的视觉稳定系统。视觉 - 前庭不匹配刺激可用于训练或调整VOR反应，因为它会诱发视网膜图像滑动误差信号，驱动VOR运动学习。研究表明训练环境会影响VOR适应性。我们试图确定主动（自我产生）与被动（外部施加）头部旋转前庭训练是否会对主动和被动VOR反应的适应性及短期保持产生不同影响。对10名受试者进行了测试，每人进行6次单独的1.5小时训练。我们比较了主动与被动头部脉冲（瞬态、峰值速度约为150°/秒的快速头部旋转）VOR适应性训练，训练持续15分钟，VOR增益受到挑战而增加，从1开始，每90秒向一侧增加0.1（适应侧随机为左侧或右侧）。在训练后1小时内，每隔10分钟、20分钟以及两个单独的60分钟时间段在黑暗中测试/测量VOR反应。在10分钟和20分钟时间段的训练中，训练为主动或被动，但在两个单独的60分钟时间段的训练中仅为主动。训练导致的VOR反应平均增加在适应侧约为10%，在非适应侧约为2%。主动和被动VOR训练在VOR适应性和保持方面没有差异。影响保持的唯一因素是暴露于去适应刺激。这些数据表明，主动VOR适应性训练可用于最佳地调整被动VOR，并且只要没有驱动去适应的视觉反馈信号，适应性在1小时内可完全保持。
