Mangione Gemma
Teachers College, Columbia University, USA.
Sociol Health Illn. 2018 Feb;40(2):283-296. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12618.
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews at a major metropolitan art museum and botanic garden, this article considers the practical accomplishment of American museums' 'health turn' by tracing how museum staff develop therapeutic programmes for visitors with disabilities. In doing so, it considers one of medical sociology's fundamental theoretical questions - how ideologies of health order social life - in an unconventional empirical setting. Acknowledging contemporary arguments for both the relative merits and unintended consequences of this policy trend, I focus instead on the particular institutional arrangements, professional norms, and material cultures of art and nature that shape museums' therapeutic work, so as to reveal its effects. Data reveals ideological similarities, but practical differences, between museological and medical understandings of wellness. Extending a 'medical sociology of practice' to new contexts ultimately foregrounds the contingencies, and diversity, of therapeutic mechanisms and meanings, thereby broadening sociological research on healing and healthism.
本文借鉴了在一家大型都市艺术博物馆和植物园进行的人种志田野调查及访谈，通过追溯博物馆工作人员如何为残疾游客制定治疗方案，来探讨美国博物馆“健康转向”的实际成果。在此过程中，本文在一个非传统的实证环境中思考了医学社会学的一个基本理论问题——健康观念如何构建社会生活。在承认当代对于这一政策趋势的相对优点和意外后果的争论的同时，我转而关注塑造博物馆治疗工作的特定制度安排、专业规范以及艺术与自然的物质文化，以揭示其效果。数据揭示了博物馆学和医学对健康的理解在意识形态上的相似之处，但在实践上存在差异。将“实践医学社会学”扩展到新的背景下，最终突出了治疗机制和意义的偶然性和多样性，从而拓宽了关于治愈和健康主义的社会学研究。
