de la Guardia Elena, Cobián Rojas Dorka, Espinosa Leonardo, Hernández Zaimiuri, García Lázaro, Arias González Jesús Ernesto
Rev Biol Trop. 2017 Mar;65(1):117-25.
The first lionfish sighting at the National Park "Cayos de San Felipe" was in 2009 and could be a threat to its marine ecosystem diversity and their capacity to generate services. To analyze the incidence of the lionfish invasion in the area, an annual sampling was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Lionfish abundance and size was investigated on mangroves through visual census on ten transects of 30x2 m/station, and on coral reefs (15 and 25 m deep) with stereo video on six transects of 50x2 m/station. Additionally, incidence of potential native competitors and predators on coral reefs were also estimated. Over the three years, the average density of lionfish varied between 0.0-1.3 indiv./100 m2 per sample stations and it was not significantly different among habitats (mangroves with 0.6 indiv./100 m2, reefs at 15 m - 0.4 indiv./100 m2 and reef at 25 m with 0.3 indiv./100 m2). Lionfish’s density was equal to or lower than competitors’ density, and was equal to or higher than predator’s density in both depths. While lionfish density on mangroves and on reefs at 25 m remained temporally stable, it decreased on reefs at 15 m. Temporary increase in the competitor’s density was observed and the predator´s density did not change during the monitored time. Lionfish size varied between 5 and 39 cm; the average fish size from mangroves (12.6 cm) was consistently lower than from reefs (25.2 cm) and showed no variations among years. Lionfish size in reefs was higher than competitor’s size and lower than that of predator. Results showed that in the park: 1) mangroves represent lionfish nursery areas; 2) incidence of reef lionfish was not as high as in other areas of Cuba and the Caribbean; and 3) lionfish abundance in reefs tended to decrease over the years, without the intervention of extractive activities or high abundance of large size native groupers. In this sense, recommendations are made to continue monitoring and to investigate lionfish effects and factors that are regulating its incidence in the park.
2009年，在“圣费利佩群岛”国家公园首次发现狮子鱼，这可能对其海洋生态系统多样性及其提供服务的能力构成威胁。为分析狮子鱼入侵该地区的情况，于2013年至2015年进行了年度抽样调查。通过在10个30×2米/站点的样带上进行目视普查，调查红树林中狮子鱼的数量和大小；并在6个50×2米/站点的样带上，利用立体视频调查15米和25米深处珊瑚礁上狮子鱼的数量和大小。此外，还估计了珊瑚礁上潜在的本地竞争者和捕食者的情况。在这三年中，每个采样站点狮子鱼的平均密度在0.0 - 1.3条/100平方米之间，不同栖息地之间无显著差异（红树林为0.6条/100平方米，15米深处的珊瑚礁为0.4条/100平方米，25米深处的珊瑚礁为0.3条/100平方米）。狮子鱼的密度等于或低于竞争者的密度，在两个深度均等于或高于捕食者的密度。虽然红树林和25米深处珊瑚礁上的狮子鱼密度在时间上保持稳定，但15米深处珊瑚礁上的狮子鱼密度有所下降。观察到竞争者的密度有短暂增加，而在监测期间捕食者的密度没有变化。狮子鱼的大小在5至39厘米之间；红树林中狮子鱼的平均大小（12.6厘米）始终低于珊瑚礁中的（25.2厘米），且各年份间无变化。珊瑚礁中狮子鱼的大小高于竞争者的大小，低于捕食者的大小。结果表明，在该公园：1）红树林是狮子鱼的育幼区；2）珊瑚礁上狮子鱼的发生率不像古巴和加勒比其他地区那么高；3）多年来珊瑚礁上狮子鱼的数量趋于减少，没有捕捞活动或大型本地石斑鱼高数量的干预。从这个意义上讲，建议继续进行监测，并调查狮子鱼的影响以及调节其在公园中发生率的因素。
