D'Souza Randall F, Zeng Nina, Markworth James F, Figueiredo Vandre C, Roberts Llion A, Raastad Truls, Coombes Jeff S, Peake Jonathan M, Cameron-Smith David, Mitchell Cameron J
Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018 Jun 1;314(6):R824-R833. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00421.2017. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Resistance training (RT) increases muscle fiber size and induces angiogenesis to maintain capillary density. Cold water immersion (CWI), a common postexercise recovery modality, may improve acute recovery, but it attenuates muscle hypertrophy compared with active recovery (ACT). It is unknown if CWI following RT alters muscle fiber type expression or angiogenesis. Twenty-one men strength trained for 12 wk, with either 10 min of CWI ( n = 11) or ACT ( n = 10) performed following each session. Vastus lateralis biopsies were collected at rest before and after training. Type IIx myofiber percent decreased ( P = 0.013) and type IIa myofiber percent increased with training ( P = 0.012), with no difference between groups. The number of capillaries per fiber increased from pretraining in the CWI group ( P = 0.004) but not the ACT group ( P = 0.955). Expression of myosin heavy chain genes ( MYH1 and MYH2), encoding type IIx and IIa fibers, respectively, decreased in the ACT group, whereas MYH7 (encoding type I fibers) increased in the ACT group versus CWI ( P = 0.004). Myosin heavy chain IIa protein increased with training ( P = 0.012) with no difference between groups. The proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor protein decreased posttraining in the ACT group versus CWI ( P < 0.001), whereas antiangiogenic Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 protein increased with training in both groups ( P = 0.015). Expression of microRNAs that regulate muscle fiber type (miR-208b and -499a) and angiogenesis (miR-15a, -16, and -126) increased only in the ACT group ( P < 0.05). CWI recovery after each training session altered the angiogenic and fiber type-specific response to RT through regulation at the levels of microRNA, gene, and protein expression.
抗阻训练（RT）可增加肌纤维大小并诱导血管生成以维持毛细血管密度。冷水浸泡（CWI）是一种常见的运动后恢复方式，可能会改善急性恢复情况，但与主动恢复（ACT）相比，它会减弱肌肉肥大。目前尚不清楚RT后进行CWI是否会改变肌纤维类型表达或血管生成。21名男性进行了为期12周的力量训练，每次训练后进行10分钟的CWI（n = 11）或ACT（n = 10）。在训练前后静息状态下采集股外侧肌活检样本。训练后IIx型肌纤维百分比降低（P = 0.013），IIa型肌纤维百分比增加（P = 0.012），两组之间无差异。CWI组每根纤维的毛细血管数量较训练前增加（P = 0.004），而ACT组未增加（P = 0.955）。分别编码IIx型和IIa型纤维的肌球蛋白重链基因（MYH1和MYH2）的表达在ACT组中降低，而ACT组中编码I型纤维的MYH7较CWI组增加（P = 0.004）。肌球蛋白重链IIa蛋白随训练增加（P = 0.012），两组之间无差异。与CWI相比，ACT组训练后促血管生成的血管内皮生长因子蛋白减少（P < 0.001），而两组中抗血管生成的含EVH1结构域的Sprouty相关蛋白1蛋白均随训练增加（P = 0.015）。仅在ACT组中，调节肌纤维类型（miR - 208b和 - 499a）和血管生成（miR - 15a、 - 16和 - 126）的微小RNA表达增加（P < 0.05）。每次训练后进行CWI恢复，通过在微小RNA、基因和蛋白质表达水平上的调节，改变了对RT的血管生成和纤维类型特异性反应。
