Naor Michael, Heyman Samuel N, Bader Tarif, Merin Ofer
Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, Washington DC, United States of America; the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, School of Business Administration, Israel, Jerusalem.
Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem.
Am J Disaster Med. 2017 Fall;12(4):243-256. doi: 10.5055/ajdm.2017.0277.
The Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps developed a model of airborne field hospital. This model was structured to deal with disaster settings, requiring self-sufficiency, innovation and flexible operative mode in the setup of large margins of uncertainty regarding the disaster environment. The current study is aimed to critically analyze the experience, gathered in ten such missions worldwide.
Interviews with physicians who actively participated in the missions from 1988 until 2015 as chief medical officers combined with literature review of principal medical and auxiliary publications in order to assess and integrate information about the assembly of these missions.
A body of knowledge was accumulated over the years by the IDF Medical Corps from deploying numerous relief missions to both natural (earthquake, typhoon, and tsunami), and man-made disasters, occurring in nine countries (Armenia, Rwanda, Kosovo, Turkey, India, Haiti, Japan, Philippines, and Nepal). This study shows an evolutionary pattern with improvements implemented from one mission to the other, with special adaptations (creativity and improvisation) to accommodate logistics barriers.
The principals and operative function for deploying medical relief system, proposed over 20 years ago, were challenged and validated in the subsequent missions of IDF outlined in the current study. These principals, with the advantage of the military infrastructure and the expertise of drafted civilian medical professionals enable the rapid assembly and allocation of highly competent medical facilities in disaster settings. This structure model is to large extent self-sufficient with a substantial operative flexibility that permits early deployment upon request while the disaster assessment and definition of needs are preliminary.
以色列国防军医疗队开发了一种空中野战医院模式。该模式旨在应对灾难情况，需要在面对灾难环境的诸多不确定性时实现自给自足、创新并采用灵活的运作模式。本研究旨在批判性地分析在全球十个此类任务中积累的经验。
对1988年至2015年期间作为首席医疗官积极参与任务的医生进行访谈，并结合主要医学和辅助出版物的文献综述，以评估和整合有关这些任务组建的信息。
多年来，以色列国防军医疗队通过在九个国家（亚美尼亚、卢旺达、科索沃、土耳其、印度、海地、日本、菲律宾和尼泊尔）开展众多自然（地震、台风和海啸）和人为灾难救援任务积累了丰富知识。本研究显示出一种演进模式，从一次任务到另一次任务不断改进，并进行特殊调整（创造性和即兴发挥）以应对后勤障碍。
20多年前提出的部署医疗救援系统的原则和运作功能，在本研究中以色列国防军随后的任务中受到挑战并得到验证。这些原则，凭借军事基础设施的优势和征召的文职医疗专业人员的专业知识，能够在灾难环境中迅速组建和调配高素质的医疗设施。这种结构模式在很大程度上自给自足，具有很大的运作灵活性，允许在灾难评估和需求确定尚处于初步阶段时应要求尽早部署。
