Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Mar/Apr;79(2). doi: 10.4088/JCP.17m11587.
The aim of this study was to examine (a) whether adventurous and explosive temperament profiles (presumed precursors of antisocial and borderline personality) are associated with character traits over a 15-year follow-up and (b) whether social support and attachment security modify the relationship between temperament profiles and character development.
2,028 subjects of the Young Finns study completed the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Relationship Questionnaire at 3 assessment points between 1997 and 2012.
Both explosive and adventurous temperament profiles seemed to predispose individuals to have less mature personalities; that is, these profiles were consistently associated with lower cooperativeness (P < .001), and explosive temperament also with lower self-directedness (P < .001), over the entire follow-up period. These relationships did not vary significantly at the individual level and were sustained after controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, the presence of high social support and secure attachment was found to decrease the likelihood that explosive temperament would lead to an immature adulthood character (P < .001). In contrast, persons with the adventurous temperament were likely to have a more mature character under low social support and an immature one under high experienced social support (P < .05).
Individuals with the explosive temperament benefit from high social support and secure attachment. From the point of view of the therapy process, this knowledge might be of importance. In contrast, individuals with the adventurous temperament were able to direct their behavior better in social environments that were not likely to support their basic temperaments.
本研究旨在检验：(a) 冒险和冲动的气质特征（假定为反社会和边缘型人格的前兆）是否与 15 年随访期间的性格特征相关；以及 (b) 社会支持和依恋安全性是否会改变气质特征与性格发展之间的关系。
2028 名“芬兰青年研究”的参与者在 1997 年至 2012 年间的 3 个评估点完成了“气质和性格量表”、“多维感知社会支持量表”和“关系问卷”。
冲动和冒险的气质特征似乎使个体更容易具有不成熟的性格；也就是说，这些特征在整个随访期间一直与较低的合作性（P <.001）相关，而冲动气质还与较低的自我导向性（P <.001）相关。这些关系在个体水平上没有显著差异，并且在控制了年龄、性别和社会经济地位后仍然存在。然而，发现高社会支持和安全依恋的存在降低了冲动气质导致不成熟成年性格的可能性（P <.001）。相比之下，冒险气质的人在低社会支持下可能具有更成熟的性格，而在高体验社会支持下则具有不成熟的性格（P <.05）。
具有冲动气质的个体受益于高社会支持和安全依恋。从治疗过程的角度来看，这一知识可能具有重要意义。相比之下，具有冒险气质的个体能够在不太可能支持其基本气质的社交环境中更好地引导自己的行为。
