Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India.
Neuropeptides. 2018 Apr;68:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Orexins (A & B), neuropeptides of hypothalamic origin, act through G-protein coupled receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OXR) and orexin 2 receptor (OXR). The wide projection of orexin neurons in the hypothalamic region allows them to interact with the other neurons and regulate food intake, emotional status, sleep wake cycle and energy metabolism. The autonomic nervous system plays an important regulatory role in the energy metabolism as well as glucose homeostasis. Orexin neurons are also under the control of GABAergic neurons. Emerging preclinical as well as clinical research has reported the role of orexins in the glucose homeostasis since orexins are involved in hypothalamic metabolism circuitry and also rely on sensing peripheral metabolic signals such as gut, adipose derived and pancreatic peptides. Apart from the hypothalamic origin, integration and control in various physiological functions, peripheral origin in wide organs, raises the possibility of use of orexins as a therapeutic biomarker in the management of metabolic disorders. The present review focuses the central as well as peripheral roles of orexins in the glucose homeostasis.
食欲素（A 和 B），下丘脑来源的神经肽，通过 G 蛋白偶联受体，食欲素 1 受体（OXR）和食欲素 2 受体（OXR）发挥作用。食欲素神经元在下丘脑区域的广泛投射使它们能够与其他神经元相互作用，调节食物摄入、情绪状态、睡眠-觉醒周期和能量代谢。自主神经系统在能量代谢和葡萄糖稳态中起着重要的调节作用。食欲素神经元也受到 GABA 能神经元的控制。新兴的临床前和临床研究报告了食欲素在葡萄糖稳态中的作用，因为食欲素参与下丘脑代谢回路，并且还依赖于感知外周代谢信号，如肠道、脂肪衍生和胰腺肽。除了下丘脑起源外，在各种生理功能中的整合和控制，以及在广泛器官中的外周起源，增加了将食欲素作为代谢紊乱管理的治疗生物标志物的可能性。本综述重点介绍了食欲素在葡萄糖稳态中的中枢和外周作用。
