Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2018 Feb;16(1):33-49. doi: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
人类肠道微生物群在人类的健康和疾病状态中都起着至关重要的作用。在过去的十年中，微生物与肿瘤之间的相互作用引起了人们的广泛关注，这些研究旨在了解复杂微生物群落的各种特征，以及微生物群可能参与癌症预防、癌变和抗癌治疗的潜在机制。大量研究表明，微生物失调通过多种途径导致癌症易感性。进一步的研究表明，微生物群及其相关代谢物不仅通过诱导炎症和免疫失调导致遗传不稳定性而与致癌作用密切相关，而且还会干扰抗癌药物的药效学。在本文中，我们主要综述了肠道微生物群对胃肠道（包括食管、胃、结直肠、肝和胰腺）癌症的影响，以及饮食、益生元、益生菌、合生菌、抗生素或中药对微生物群的调节。我们还提出了一些新的策略，用于预防和治疗胃肠道癌症，这些策略可能在未来得到探索。我们希望这篇综述能为肠道微生物群与胃肠道癌症之间相互作用的研究提供一个全面的概述，这些研究可能会为改善预防、诊断和治疗提供转化机会，从而降低癌症的发病率和死亡率。
