Volovat Cristian Constantin, Cosovanu Mihai Andrei, Ostafe Madalina-Raluca, Augustin Iolanda Georgiana, Volovat Constantin, Georgescu Bogdan, Volovat Simona Ruxandra
Department of Radiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Center of Oncology Euroclinic, 700106 Iasi, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 13;26(16):7837. doi: 10.3390/ijms26167837.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a prevalent malignancy, is a significant global health concern. The intricate interplay of genetic mutations, inflammatory processes, and environmental factors underscores the complexity of CRC's etiology. The human gut harbors a diverse microbial community that plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing various aspects of host physiology. Perturbations in the gut microbiome (GM) composition and function have been implicated in CRC carcinogenesis. This bidirectional relationship involves microbial contributions to inflammation, DNA damage, and immune modulation, shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, contribute to the microbiome's diversity and function by influencing bacterial abundance and composition. These phages can impact host-microbiome interactions, potentially influencing CRC risk. Furthermore, they can be manipulated to transport targeted medication, without being metabolized. Antibiotics exert selective pressures on the gut microbiome, leading to shifts in bacterial populations and potential dysbiosis. Probiotics can modulate the composition and activity of the GM and could be considered adjunctive therapy in the treatment of CRC. Understanding the intricate balance between bacteriophages, antibiotics-probiotics, and the GM is essential for comprehending CRC etiology and progression.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，是全球重大的健康问题。基因突变、炎症过程和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用突显了结直肠癌病因的复杂性。人类肠道中存在着多样化的微生物群落，其在维持体内平衡和影响宿主生理的各个方面发挥着关键作用。肠道微生物群（GM）的组成和功能紊乱与结直肠癌的致癌作用有关。这种双向关系涉及微生物对炎症、DNA损伤和免疫调节的影响，从而塑造肿瘤微环境（TME）。噬菌体是感染细菌的病毒，通过影响细菌的丰度和组成，对微生物群的多样性和功能产生影响。这些噬菌体可影响宿主与微生物群的相互作用，可能影响结直肠癌风险。此外，它们可被操控用于运输靶向药物，而自身不会被代谢。抗生素对肠道微生物群施加选择性压力，导致细菌种群变化并可能出现生态失调。益生菌可调节GM的组成和活性，可被视为结直肠癌治疗的辅助疗法。了解噬菌体、抗生素 - 益生菌与GM之间的复杂平衡对于理解结直肠癌的病因和进展至关重要。
