Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE 501 15 Borås, Sweden.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Feb;127:289-296. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.027. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
Antifouling paints are environmentally risk assessed based on their biocidal release rates to the water phase. In situ release rates of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were derived for five commercial paints in two recreational marinas with different salinities (5 and 14 PSU) using an X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Salinity was found to significantly affect the Cu release, with twice the amount of Cu released at the higher salinity, while its influence on the Zn release was paint-specific. Site-specific release rates for water bodies with salinity gradients, e.g. the Baltic Sea, are therefore necessary for more realistic risk assessments of antifouling paints. Furthermore, the in situ release rates were up to 8 times higher than those generated using standardized laboratory or calculation methods. The environmental risk assessment repeated with the field release rates concludes that it is questionable whether the studied products should be allowed on the Swedish market.
防污漆是根据其向水相释放的杀菌率进行环境风险评估的。使用 X 射线荧光光谱仪（XRF），在两个盐度（5 和 14 PSU）不同的休闲码头中，从五种商业涂料中得出了铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）的原位释放率。研究发现，盐度会显著影响 Cu 的释放，在较高盐度下释放的 Cu 量是两倍，而其对 Zn 释放的影响则因涂料而异。对于盐度梯度的水体，例如波罗的海，因此需要特定于地点的释放率，以便更现实地评估防污漆的风险。此外，原位释放率比使用标准化实验室或计算方法得出的释放率高出 8 倍。使用现场释放率重复进行的环境风险评估得出的结论是，研究中的产品是否应该被允许在瑞典市场上销售值得怀疑。
