Center for Radiation Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Feb;127:654-663. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.055. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Study is made of the radioactivity in the beach sands of Langkawi island, a well-known tourist destination. Investigation is made of the relative presence of the naturally occurring radionuclide K and the natural-series indicator radionuclides Ra and Th, the gamma radiation exposure also being estimated. Sample quantities of black and white sand were collected for gamma ray spectrometry, yielding activity concentration in black sands of Ra, Th and K from 451±9 to 2411±65Bqkg (mean of 1478Bqkg); 232±4 to 1272±35Bqkg (mean of 718Bqkg) and 61±6 to 136±7Bqkg (mean of 103Bqkg) respectively. Conversely, in white sands the respective values for Ra and Th were appreciably lower, at 8.3±0.5 to 13.7±1.4Bqkg (mean of 9.8Bqkg) and 4.5±0.7 to 9.4±1.0Bqkg (mean of 5.9Bqkg); K activities differed insubstantially from that in black sands, at 85±4 to 133±7Bqkg with a mean of 102Bqkg. The mean activity concentrations of Ra and Th in black sands are comparable with that of high background areas elsewhere in the world. The heavy minerals content gives rise to elevated Ra and Th activity concentrations in all of black sand samples. Evaluation of the various radiological risk parameters points to values which in some cases could be in excess of recommendations providing for safe living and working. Statistical analysis examines correlations between the origins of the radionuclides, also identifying and classifying the radiological parameters. Present results may help to form an interest in rare-earth resources for the electronics industry, power generation and the viability of nuclear fuels cycle resources.
研究了兰卡威岛海滩沙的放射性，兰卡威岛是一个著名的旅游目的地。调查了天然放射性核素 K 以及天然系列示踪放射性核素 Ra 和 Th 的相对存在情况，还估算了伽马辐射暴露。采集了一定数量的黑沙和白沙样本进行伽马射线光谱分析，得出黑沙中 Ra、Th 和 K 的活度浓度分别为 451±9 至 2411±65Bqkg（平均值为 1478Bqkg）；232±4 至 1272±35Bqkg（平均值为 718Bqkg）和 61±6 至 136±7Bqkg（平均值为 103Bqkg）。相比之下，白沙中 Ra 和 Th 的相应值明显较低，分别为 8.3±0.5 至 13.7±1.4Bqkg（平均值为 9.8Bqkg）和 4.5±0.7 至 9.4±1.0Bqkg（平均值为 5.9Bqkg）；K 活度与黑沙中的 K 活度无显著差异，为 85±4 至 133±7Bqkg，平均值为 102Bqkg。黑沙中 Ra 和 Th 的平均活度浓度与世界其他高本底地区相当。重矿物含量导致所有黑沙样本中的 Ra 和 Th 活度浓度升高。对各种放射性风险参数的评估表明，在某些情况下，这些值可能超过了为安全生活和工作提供的建议值。统计分析研究了放射性核素的起源之间的相关性，还确定和分类了放射性参数。目前的结果可能有助于人们对电子工业、发电和核燃料循环资源的稀土资源产生兴趣。
